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Publication
Comparação de aquecimento de AQS com bomba de calor e com outras fontes energéticas
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| 5.97 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação incide sobre a análise técnico-económica e ambiental de diferentes tecnologias
para produção de água quente sanitária (AQS) e climatização em habitações unifamiliares, com
principal foco em soluções de elevada eficiência energética e baixa pegada de carbono. A
investigação centrou-se em sistemas de bombas de calor do tipo monobloco com instalação
exterior, com ligação a depósitos de inércia e AQS. Considerou-se também a integração com
sistemas solares, tanto térmicos como fotovoltaicos. Em alternativa, estudou-se a viabilidade
da aplicação de uma caldeira de condensação a gás natural.
Foram analisadas as configurações dos sistemas em termos de constituição, funcionamento
termodinâmico e modos de operação. No estudo realizou-se o dimensionamento de um
sistema de AQS para uma unidade familiar composta por quatro pessoas, com base em perfis
de consumo diários. No caso da climatização, considerou-se uma habitação com uma área útil
de 100 m², com cargas térmicas arbitradas de 10 Kw por m².
Foi efetuada uma análise dos fluidos frigorigénios utilizados nas bombas de calor,
nomeadamente R32 e R290, tendo em conta parâmetros como o GWP (Global warming
potencial), o ODP (Ozone depletion potencial) e TEWI e foi também analisado o impacto
regulamentar segundo o F-GAS regulation.
Do ponto de vista económico, a dissertação contempla a avaliação da viabilidade financeira de
cada solução, com levantamento de custos de investimento inicial, operação e manutenção,
com cenários baseados em tarifas elétricas e preços do gás natural.
Na análise comparativa foram ainda considerados fatores como a facilidade de instalação,
requisitos de espaço técnico e necessidade de manutenção periódica. O estudo conclui com
uma síntese dos principais benefícios e limitações de cada abordagem, contribuindo para a
definição do sistema a adotar em diferentes contextos.
This dissertation focuses on the technical, economic and environmental analysis of different technologies for producing domestic hot water (DHW) and air conditioning in single-family homes, with the focus on solutions with high energy efficiency and a low carbon footprint. The research centered on monobloc heat pump systems with outdoor installation, connected to inertial and DHW tanks. Integration with solar systems, both thermal and photovoltaic, was also considered. Alternatively, the feasibility of using a natural gas condensing boiler was studied. The system configurations were analyzed in terms of constitution, thermodynamic functioning and operating modes. The study analyzed the sizing of a DHW system for a family unit comprising four people, based on daily consumption profiles. In the case of air conditioning, a dwelling with a floor area of 100 m² was considered, with arbitrated thermal loads of 10 Kw per m². An analysis was made of the refrigerants used in heat pumps, namely R32 and R290, considering parameters such as GWP (Global warming potential), ODP (Ozone depletion potential) and TEWI, and the regulatory impact according to the F-GAS regulation was also analyzed. From an economic point of view, the dissertation includes an assessment of the financial viability of each solution, with a survey of initial investment, operation and maintenance costs, with scenarios based on electricity tariffs and natural gas prices. The comparative analysis also considered factors such as ease of installation, technical space requirements and the need for periodic maintenance. The study concludes with a summary of the main benefits and limitations of each approach, helping to define the system to be adopted in different contexts.
This dissertation focuses on the technical, economic and environmental analysis of different technologies for producing domestic hot water (DHW) and air conditioning in single-family homes, with the focus on solutions with high energy efficiency and a low carbon footprint. The research centered on monobloc heat pump systems with outdoor installation, connected to inertial and DHW tanks. Integration with solar systems, both thermal and photovoltaic, was also considered. Alternatively, the feasibility of using a natural gas condensing boiler was studied. The system configurations were analyzed in terms of constitution, thermodynamic functioning and operating modes. The study analyzed the sizing of a DHW system for a family unit comprising four people, based on daily consumption profiles. In the case of air conditioning, a dwelling with a floor area of 100 m² was considered, with arbitrated thermal loads of 10 Kw per m². An analysis was made of the refrigerants used in heat pumps, namely R32 and R290, considering parameters such as GWP (Global warming potential), ODP (Ozone depletion potential) and TEWI, and the regulatory impact according to the F-GAS regulation was also analyzed. From an economic point of view, the dissertation includes an assessment of the financial viability of each solution, with a survey of initial investment, operation and maintenance costs, with scenarios based on electricity tariffs and natural gas prices. The comparative analysis also considered factors such as ease of installation, technical space requirements and the need for periodic maintenance. The study concludes with a summary of the main benefits and limitations of each approach, helping to define the system to be adopted in different contexts.
Description
Keywords
Energy efficiency heat pump condensing boiler DHW space heating sustainability Eficiência energética Bomba de calor Caldeira de condensação AQS Climatização Sustentabilidade