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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho descreve a conceção e validação de um retificador de potência ativo. O retificador possui, como fonte, uma Máquina Síncrona de ´Imanes Permanentes (PMSM) trifásica, a funcionar como gerador, com uma velocidade de rotação imposta no seu veio. Como carga, possui uma bateria, para a qual se pretende controlar a potência transferida. Para que tal seja possível, ´e feita uma abordagem teórica `as características do tipo de máquina utilizado, aos métodos de controlo aplicáveis, `as formas de medição da velocidade e posição do rótor, assim como às técnicas de modulação tipicamente utilizadas em Voltage Source Converters (VSC). Depois da análise teórica, ´e feita uma implementação sob forma de simulação do controlo de corrente através do método Field Oriented Control (FOC), com velocidade e posição do rótor estimados através de uma Phase Locked Loop (PLL), utilizando a técnica Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) aplicada na retificação trifásica. Posteriormente, ´e efetuada uma nova implementação, também sob forma de simulação, com processo de controlo e o processo de estimação da velocidade e de posição do rótor desempenhados por um microcontrolador, havendo necessidade de discretizar estes processos. Para finalizar, são analisados e comentados os resultados apresentados em cada uma das implementações efetuadas, são abordadas possíveis discrepâncias que poderiam ocorrer numa implementação prática e indicadas possíveis melhorias ao trabalho elaborado.
This work describes the design and validation of an active power rectifier. The rectifier has a three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) as source, operating as a generator with a rotation speed imposed on its shaft. As a load, it has a battery, to which is wanted to control the transferred power. To make this possible, a theoretical approach is made to the characteristics of the type of machine used, to the applicable control methods, to the ways of measuring the rotor speed and position, as well to the modulation techniques typically used in Voltage Source Converters (VSC). After the theoretical analysis, an implementation is made in the form of current control simulation using the Field Oriented Control (FOC) method, with estimated rotor speed and position using a Phase Locked Loop (PLL), using also the Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) applied to three-phase rectification. Subsequently, a new implementation is carried out, also in the form of simulation, with a control process and the rotor speed and position estimation performed by microcontroller, with the need to discretize these processes. Finally, the results presented in each of the implementations are analyzed and commented on, possible discrepancies that could occur in a practical implementation are addressed and possible improvements to the elaborated project are also indicated.
This work describes the design and validation of an active power rectifier. The rectifier has a three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) as source, operating as a generator with a rotation speed imposed on its shaft. As a load, it has a battery, to which is wanted to control the transferred power. To make this possible, a theoretical approach is made to the characteristics of the type of machine used, to the applicable control methods, to the ways of measuring the rotor speed and position, as well to the modulation techniques typically used in Voltage Source Converters (VSC). After the theoretical analysis, an implementation is made in the form of current control simulation using the Field Oriented Control (FOC) method, with estimated rotor speed and position using a Phase Locked Loop (PLL), using also the Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) applied to three-phase rectification. Subsequently, a new implementation is carried out, also in the form of simulation, with a control process and the rotor speed and position estimation performed by microcontroller, with the need to discretize these processes. Finally, the results presented in each of the implementations are analyzed and commented on, possible discrepancies that could occur in a practical implementation are addressed and possible improvements to the elaborated project are also indicated.
Description
Keywords
Retificação trifásica ativa PMSM Controlo FOC Sensorless FOC Controlo em dq PLL Three-phase active rectification, FOC control Control in dq