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Hoje em dia existe uma preocupação global com os consumos energéticos devido à situação económica atual, a imensa concorrência a nível empresarial e a sustentabilidade do planeta Terra. As indústrias alimentares assumem um papel fundamental em Portugal, sendo os sistemas de refrigeração os principais consumidores de energia, numa empresa que se dedica ao fabrico de gelados e outros produtos alimentares. A otimização energética é importante bem como a sensibilização dos colaboradores para terem boas práticas na utilização das câmaras, a renovação/substituição de equipamentos e a utilização de tecnologias mais eficientes. O trabalho desenvolvido na presente tese foi motivado pela necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a atual instalação de frio industrial que é composta por três câmaras de refrigeração equipadas com evaporadores do tipo inundados e uma central de compressão equipada com dois compressores parafuso em que o fluido de trabalho é o amoníaco. O processo industrial de produção de gelados é uma das instalações da empresa onde foi efetuado o presente trabalho de levantamento de dados de funcionamento com vista à realização de uma análise energética, e consequente identificação de anomalias e sugestões de melhoria. A partir dos dados medidos e recolhidos sobre as características técnicas de todos os equipamentos foi simulado o comportamento da instalação frigorífica com recurso a software CoolPack. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os valores do coeficiente de desempenho da instalação variam entre 2 e 4. Já a eficiência energética desta instalação não ultrapassa os 45%. O rendimento total dos compressores não ultrapassa os 38%. O consumo energético da instalação foi estimado em 2917 kWh/dia, sendo a contribuição mais significativa dos motores elétricos dos compressores parafuso cujo valor é de 85% para ambos.
Today there is a global concern about energy consumption due to the current economic situation, immense business competition and the sustainability of planet Earth. The food industries play a key role in Portugal, with refrigeration systems being the main energy consumers in a company dedicated to the manufacture of ice cream and other food products. Energy optimization is important, as is employee awareness of chamber good practices, equipment renewal / replacement and the use of more efficient technologies. The work developed in this thesis was motivated by the need to dee the knowledge about the current industrial cold installation which is composed of three refrigeration chambers equipped with flooded evaporators and a compression plant equipped with two screw compressors working with ammonia. The industrial ice cream production process is one of the company's facilities where the present work of operating data collection was carried out with a view to performing an energy analysis, and consequently identifying anomalies and suggestions for improvement. From the measured data and collected information about technical characteristics of equipments was simulated the behavior of the refrigeration facility using CoolPack software. The results show that the values of the performance coefficient of the installation vary between 2 and 4. The energy efficiency of this installation does not exceed 45%. Total performance of compressors does not exceed 38%. The energy consumption of the installation was estimated at 2917 kWh / day, being the most significant contribution of the screw compressor electric motors with a value of 85% for both.
Today there is a global concern about energy consumption due to the current economic situation, immense business competition and the sustainability of planet Earth. The food industries play a key role in Portugal, with refrigeration systems being the main energy consumers in a company dedicated to the manufacture of ice cream and other food products. Energy optimization is important, as is employee awareness of chamber good practices, equipment renewal / replacement and the use of more efficient technologies. The work developed in this thesis was motivated by the need to dee the knowledge about the current industrial cold installation which is composed of three refrigeration chambers equipped with flooded evaporators and a compression plant equipped with two screw compressors working with ammonia. The industrial ice cream production process is one of the company's facilities where the present work of operating data collection was carried out with a view to performing an energy analysis, and consequently identifying anomalies and suggestions for improvement. From the measured data and collected information about technical characteristics of equipments was simulated the behavior of the refrigeration facility using CoolPack software. The results show that the values of the performance coefficient of the installation vary between 2 and 4. The energy efficiency of this installation does not exceed 45%. Total performance of compressors does not exceed 38%. The energy consumption of the installation was estimated at 2917 kWh / day, being the most significant contribution of the screw compressor electric motors with a value of 85% for both.
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Keywords
Refrigeração industrial Amoníaco Congelação Compressor parafuso Eficiência energética Industrial Refrigeration Ammonia Freezing Screw Compressor Energy Efficiency