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Nesta dissertação é realizada uma abordagem à utilização e benefícios da Demand Response (resposta à procura). A Demand Response pode ser entendida como uma variação no consumo de energia elétrica de uma instalação elétrica em resposta a um conjunto de estímulos. Com o passar dos anos, o consumo de energia elétrica por parte do sector residencial tem vindo a aumentar cada vez mais, muito devido ao aparecimento e utilização de novas cargas, como os veículos elétricos. Esse aumento dos consumos exige um cada vez maior esforço por parte da rede elétrica, principalmente em períodos de pico da rede, onde a procura é bastante elevada. Esse esforço da rede pode levar a avarias ou interrupções de serviço no fornecimento de energia. Assim a utilização da Demand Response poderá trazer vários benefícios, quer para a rede, quer para o consumidor final de energia, como por exemplo a diminuição dos preços a pagar pela energia por parte do consumidor ou o aumento do período de vida dos componentes da rede devido à redução de períodos de pico. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo demonstrar alguns dos benefícios que podem ser obtidos através da utilização da flexibilidade das cargas do consumidor final em programas de Demand Response. Numa primeira fase, é realizado um enquadramento aos temas considerados mais importantes dentro da Demand Response para uma boa compreensão deste trabalho. De seguida é demonstrada a metodologia desenvolvida para a realização e obtenção dos resultados nos casos de estudo e por fim são demonstrados os casos de estudo considerados para este trabalho, bem como a demonstração e análise dos resultados obtidos, para além das conclusões retiradas da realização deste trabalho. Através da utilização da Demand Response, foi possível gerar poupanças significativas para o consumidor, bem como corrigir problemas na rede.
In this thesis an approach to the use and benefits of Demand Response is carried out. Demand Response can be understood as a variation in the electrical energy consumption of an electrical installation in response to a set of stimulus. Over the years, the consumption of electricity by the residential sector has been increasing more and more, largely due to the appearance and use of new loads, such as electric vehicles. This increase in consumption requires an increasing effort on the part of the electricity network, especially during peak periods of the network, where demand is quite high. This network effort can lead to breakdowns or service interruptions in the power supply. Thus, the use of Demand Response can bring several benefits, both for the network and for the final consumer of energy, such as the reduction of prices to be paid by the consumer for energy or an increase in the life span of the network components due to reduced peak periods. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate some of the benefits that can be obtained by using the flexibility of the loads of the final consumer in Demand Response programs. In a first phase, an approach is made on the themes considered most important within Demand Response for a good understanding of this work. Next, the methodology developed for carrying out and obtaining the results in the case studies is demonstrated, and finally the case studies considered for this work are shown, as well as the demonstration and analysis of the results obtained, in addition to the conclusions drawn from the realization of this work. Through the use of Demand Response, it was possible to generate significant savings for the consumer, as well as to correct problems in the network.
In this thesis an approach to the use and benefits of Demand Response is carried out. Demand Response can be understood as a variation in the electrical energy consumption of an electrical installation in response to a set of stimulus. Over the years, the consumption of electricity by the residential sector has been increasing more and more, largely due to the appearance and use of new loads, such as electric vehicles. This increase in consumption requires an increasing effort on the part of the electricity network, especially during peak periods of the network, where demand is quite high. This network effort can lead to breakdowns or service interruptions in the power supply. Thus, the use of Demand Response can bring several benefits, both for the network and for the final consumer of energy, such as the reduction of prices to be paid by the consumer for energy or an increase in the life span of the network components due to reduced peak periods. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate some of the benefits that can be obtained by using the flexibility of the loads of the final consumer in Demand Response programs. In a first phase, an approach is made on the themes considered most important within Demand Response for a good understanding of this work. Next, the methodology developed for carrying out and obtaining the results in the case studies is demonstrated, and finally the case studies considered for this work are shown, as well as the demonstration and analysis of the results obtained, in addition to the conclusions drawn from the realization of this work. Through the use of Demand Response, it was possible to generate significant savings for the consumer, as well as to correct problems in the network.
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Keywords
Cargas Consumo Demand Response Flexibilidade Consumption Demand Response Flexibility Loads