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O edentulismo, ou perda dentária, é dos piores problemas a nível da saúde oral. Normalmente, é o resultado de efeitos acumulativos de outras doenças orais combinados com alguns fatores socioeconómicos. A falta de dentes tem um impacto direto na qualidade de vida da pessoa, uma vez que, esta perda dentária leva a uma capacidade funcional deficiente, bem como a desafios nutricionais, estéticos e psicológicos, como baixa autoestima e baixa integração social. Estima-se que no ano de 2010, existiam cerca de 158 milhões de pessoas afetadas com esta condição [1]. Os implantes dentários surgiram como solução para este problema, existindo presentemente várias soluções em forma e em tipo de material. No sentido de garantir o sucesso a longo prazo do implante, é de extrema importância que este seja o mais adequado para determinada situação e patologia. Adicionalmente, é necessário que o implante seja confortável (mimetize a dentição natural) e que os materiais utilizados resistam às cargas instaladas. Para realizar estes estudos biomecânicos, surgem as simulações numéricas, como o Método dos Elementos Finitos e Método Sem Malha. Hoje em dia, o método numérico mais utilizado para simular problemas dentários é o Método dos Elementos Finitos. No entanto, este apresenta algumas desvantagens numéricas. Assim, a comunidade científica tem presenciado a implementação e desenvolvimento dos Métodos Sem Malha, que são métodos numéricos mais flexíveis e precisos, principalmente na obtenção do campo de tensões. O objetivo deste trabalho passa pela extensão dos Métodos Sem Malha à análise elástica e estática de implantes em barra complexos, bem como estudar as implicações numéricas da interface osso-implante.
Edentulism, or tooth loss, is one of the worst oral health problems. It is usually the result of cumulative effects of other oral diseases in combination with some socioeconomic issues. Tooth loss has a direct impact on a person's quality of life, since tooth loss leads to poor functional ability, as well as nutritional, aesthetic and psychological challenges, such as low self-esteem and poor social integration. It is estimated that in the year 2010, there were about 158 million people affected with this condition [1]. Dental implants have emerged as the most viable solution to this problem, evolving from its type, removable or fixed prostheses, as well as the materials used. To ensure the long-term success of the implant, it is extremely important to select the most appropriate solution for the given situation. In the case of a removable prosthesis, it is necessary to assure that support points do not yield to fatigue; and in the case of a fixed prosthesis, it is required to verify if the fixation points will experience damage or if the stress field is beyond the yield limit. To perform these biomechanical studies, numerical simulations arise, such as the Finite Element Method and Meshless Method. Nowadays, the most used numerical method to simulate dental problems is the Finite Element Method. However, this method presents some inaccuracy on the obtained stress field, particularly in discontinuities zones and material-change areas. Thus, to supress this need, the scientific community has witnessed the implementation and development of the Meshless Methods, which are more flexible and accurate, especially in obtaining the stress field [2]. The objective of this work is the extension of the Meshless Methods to the static elastic analysis of complex dental prostheses, as well as to study the numerical implications of the bone-implant interface.
Edentulism, or tooth loss, is one of the worst oral health problems. It is usually the result of cumulative effects of other oral diseases in combination with some socioeconomic issues. Tooth loss has a direct impact on a person's quality of life, since tooth loss leads to poor functional ability, as well as nutritional, aesthetic and psychological challenges, such as low self-esteem and poor social integration. It is estimated that in the year 2010, there were about 158 million people affected with this condition [1]. Dental implants have emerged as the most viable solution to this problem, evolving from its type, removable or fixed prostheses, as well as the materials used. To ensure the long-term success of the implant, it is extremely important to select the most appropriate solution for the given situation. In the case of a removable prosthesis, it is necessary to assure that support points do not yield to fatigue; and in the case of a fixed prosthesis, it is required to verify if the fixation points will experience damage or if the stress field is beyond the yield limit. To perform these biomechanical studies, numerical simulations arise, such as the Finite Element Method and Meshless Method. Nowadays, the most used numerical method to simulate dental problems is the Finite Element Method. However, this method presents some inaccuracy on the obtained stress field, particularly in discontinuities zones and material-change areas. Thus, to supress this need, the scientific community has witnessed the implementation and development of the Meshless Methods, which are more flexible and accurate, especially in obtaining the stress field [2]. The objective of this work is the extension of the Meshless Methods to the static elastic analysis of complex dental prostheses, as well as to study the numerical implications of the bone-implant interface.
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Keywords
Próteses dentárias Simulação biomecânica Método dos Elementos Finitos Métodos Sem Malha Dental implants Biomechanical simulation Finite Element Method Meshless Methods