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Nesta dissertação pretende-se caracterizar o desempenho energético de um grande edifício
de serviços existente, da tipologia ensino, avaliar e identificar potenciais medidas que
melhorem aquele desempenho, permitindo, em complemento, determinar a sua
classificação energética no âmbito da legislação vigente. A pertinência do estudo prende-se
com a avaliação do desempenho energético dos edifícios e com o estudo de medidas de
melhoria que permitam incrementar a eficiência energética, por recurso a um programa de
simulação energética dinâmica certificado – DesignBuilder e tendo em conta a
regulamentação portuguesa em vigor.
Inicialmente procedeu-se à modelação do edifício com recurso ao programa
DesignBuilder, e, simultaneamente, realizou-se um levantamento de todas as suas
características ao nível de geometria, pormenores construtivos, sistemas AVAC e de
iluminação e fontes de energia utilizadas.
Com vista à caracterização do modo de operação do edifício, foi realizado um
levantamento dos perfis reais de utilização em termos de ocupação, iluminação e
equipamentos para os vários espaços. Foram realizadas medições de caudais de ar novo e
da temperatura do ar, em alguns equipamentos e alguns espaços específicos. Foram
realizadas medições em tempo real e leituras de contagens da energia eléctrica utilizada,
quer em período de aulas quer em período de férias, que permitiram a desagregação das
facturas da energia eléctrica que se apresentam globais para o campus do ISEP. Foram
realizadas leituras de contagens de gás natural.
Em sequência, foi realizada a simulação energética dinâmica com o intuito de ajustar o
modelo criado aos consumos reais e de analisar medidas de melhoria que lhe conferissem
um melhor desempenho energético. Essas medidas são agrupadas em quatro tipos: - Medidas de natureza comportamental;
- Medidas de melhoria da eficiência energética nos sistemas de iluminação;
- Medidas de melhoria de eficiência energética nos sistemas AVAC;- Medidas que visam a introdução de energias de fonte renovável;
Em sequência, foi elaborada a simulação nominal e calculados os indicadores de eficiência
energética com vista à respectiva classificação energética do edifício, tendo o edifício
apresentado uma Classe Energética D de acordo com a escala do SCE.
Finalmente, foi avaliado o impacto das diferentes medidas de melhoria identificadas e com
potencial de aplicação, isto é, que apresentaram um retorno simples do investimento
inferior a oito anos, tanto ao nível do desempenho energético real do edifício, como ao
nível da sua classificação energética. De onde se concluiu que existe um potencial de 7%
de redução nos consumos energéticos actuais do edifício e de 18% se o funcionamento do
edifício for em pleno, ou seja, se todos os seus sistemas estiverem efectivamente em
funcionamento, e que terá impacto na classificação energética alcançado uma Classe
Energética C.
This essay deals the energy performance of an existing services building, its educational typology, allowing the identification of measures that might improve that performance, but also its energy label classification according to the Portuguese legislation. The relevance of this study concerns the evaluation of the energy performance, using a certificated program of dynamic energy simulation – DesignBuilder, and considering Portuguese Legislation. Firstly, the modelling of the building was carried out by using the program DesignBuilder and, at the same time, all its characteristics were collected in terms of geometry, constructive details, HVAC and illumination systems and energy sources needed. Moreover, with a view to the characterization of the building’s operation mode, actual profiles of utilization in terms of occupancy, illumination and equipment were collected for the several spaces. Measurements of new air flow rate and temperature have also been carried out in some equipments and specific spaces. Real-time measurements and counter states of electrical energy quantities required, both during classes and holiday periods, were also performed and these enabled the breakdown of the energy bills (that were global for ISEP’s campus). Natural gas readings were also performed. This way, the main objective of performing a dynamic energy simulation was to adjust the created model to the real consumption as well as analyse energy efficiency improvement measures. These measures are grouped into four types: - Behaviour measures; - Energy efficiency improvement in lighting systems; - Energy efficiency improvement in HVAC systems; - Implement of renewable energy sources; In sequence, there has been elaborated a nominal simulation and calculated the indicators for energy efficiency with a view to the respective energy label classification, and the result was Energy Class D, according to SCE’s scale. In addition, the impact of the different improvement measures was evaluated, inclusively with potential for application: this means that the simple payback on investment is less than eight years, both in terms of real energy performance of the building and energy label classification. In conclusion, there is a potential for 7% reduction of current energy consumption and also for 18% if the operation of the building is in full, in other words, if all its systems are to function effectivelly, and the energy label classification obtained will change to Energy Class C.
This essay deals the energy performance of an existing services building, its educational typology, allowing the identification of measures that might improve that performance, but also its energy label classification according to the Portuguese legislation. The relevance of this study concerns the evaluation of the energy performance, using a certificated program of dynamic energy simulation – DesignBuilder, and considering Portuguese Legislation. Firstly, the modelling of the building was carried out by using the program DesignBuilder and, at the same time, all its characteristics were collected in terms of geometry, constructive details, HVAC and illumination systems and energy sources needed. Moreover, with a view to the characterization of the building’s operation mode, actual profiles of utilization in terms of occupancy, illumination and equipment were collected for the several spaces. Measurements of new air flow rate and temperature have also been carried out in some equipments and specific spaces. Real-time measurements and counter states of electrical energy quantities required, both during classes and holiday periods, were also performed and these enabled the breakdown of the energy bills (that were global for ISEP’s campus). Natural gas readings were also performed. This way, the main objective of performing a dynamic energy simulation was to adjust the created model to the real consumption as well as analyse energy efficiency improvement measures. These measures are grouped into four types: - Behaviour measures; - Energy efficiency improvement in lighting systems; - Energy efficiency improvement in HVAC systems; - Implement of renewable energy sources; In sequence, there has been elaborated a nominal simulation and calculated the indicators for energy efficiency with a view to the respective energy label classification, and the result was Energy Class D, according to SCE’s scale. In addition, the impact of the different improvement measures was evaluated, inclusively with potential for application: this means that the simple payback on investment is less than eight years, both in terms of real energy performance of the building and energy label classification. In conclusion, there is a potential for 7% reduction of current energy consumption and also for 18% if the operation of the building is in full, in other words, if all its systems are to function effectivelly, and the energy label classification obtained will change to Energy Class C.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Eficiência energética Classe energética Medidas de melhoria Simulação dinâmica de edifícios Energy performance Building energy certification Energy efficiency improvement measures Dynamic energy simulation
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto.