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Abstract(s)
A indústria automóvel desempenha um papel crucial na economia global, tanto pela criação de empregos e desenvolvimento económico como pela inovação e avanços tecnológicos. Devido à enorme competitividade no setor automóvel, as empresas deste ramo necessitam de se reinventar constantemente através da adoção de inovações tecnológicas e automação de processos para se manterem relevantes e competitivas no mercado global. Adicionalmente, o foco no aumento da qualidade dos produtos e na satisfação dos clientes torna-se essencial para superar a concorrência. Desta forma, surge o teste elétrico automatizado em placas eletrónicas, que garante a validação das placas antes de estas serem instaladas no produto final, assegurando assim a fiabilidade e o desempenho dos sistemas automóveis. O trabalho desenvolvido na presente dissertação resultou da proposta da empresa acolhedora do estágio curricular, Divmac, em desenvolver uma nova máquina para incorporar ao seu catálogo de produtos. O principal objetivo está relacionado com o desenvolvimento do projeto mecânico, a construção do protótipo e a validação de uma máquina para teste de placas eletrónicas em linha de produção, com módulos intercambiáveis. Assim, a máquina deve operar de forma autónoma nas linhas de produção de PCBs, após a conclusão da montagem de componentes, sendo capaz de receber diferentes módulos de teste para possibilitar a realização de testes em circuito ou testes funcionais em vários tipos de PCBs. A construção da máquina consiste em três
elementos principais. Primeiramente, refere-se o sistema de transporte (conveyor), responsável por movimentar as PCBs dentro da máquina, e capaz de ajustar a sua largura para acomodar PCBs de diferentes dimensões. De seguida, um sistema de prensagem, que promove o contacto entre os pontos de teste da PCB e as agulhas de teste, garantindo a realização do teste elétrico. Por fim, dois módulos intercambiáveis que contêm a matriz de agulhas, com a flexibilidade necessária para testar diferentes PCBs. Foi elaborado o projeto mecânico da respetiva máquina. Foi também iniciada a construção e validação do protótipo, que, devido ao elevado fluxo de trabalho na empresa acolhedora, não puderam ser concluídas. O projeto da
máquina desenvolvida no presente trabalho seguiu a metodologia Design Science Research (DSR) e foi concluído com sucesso e validado pela entidade acolhedora. A análise financeira realizada sobre o protótipo da máquina de teste permitiu prever uma margem de lucro na venda entre os 79,6 % e os 169,4 %, valores extremamente favoráveis que indicam uma excelente oportunidade de retorno sobre o investimento.
The automotive industry plays a crucial role in the global economy, both through job creation and economic development as well as through innovation and technological advancements. Due to the immense competitiveness in the automotive sector, companies in this field constantly need to reinvent themselves by adopting technological innovations and automation of processes to remain relevant and competitive in the global market. Additionally, the focus on increasing product quality and customer satisfaction becomes essential to surpass the competition. Therefore, automated electrical testing of electronic boards emerges, ensuring the validation of the boards before being installed in the final product, thereby guaranteeing the reliability and performance of automotive systems. The work developed in this dissertation resulted from the proposal of the host company for the curricular internship, Divmac, to develop a new machine to incorporate into its product catalog. The main objective is related to the development of the mechanical design, the construction of the prototype, and the validation of a machine to test electronic boards in a production line, with interchangeable modules. Consequently, the machine must operate autonomously in PCB production lines after the completion of component assembly, being capable of receiving different modules to enable in-circuit tests or functional tests on various PCBs. The construction of the machine consists of three main elements. Firstly, a transport system (conveyor), responsible for moving the PCBs within the machine, which can adjust its width to accommodate PCBs of different dimensions. A pressing system promotes contact between the test points of the PCB and the test needles, ensuring the execution of the electrical test. At last, two interchangeable modules, containing the needle matrix, provide the necessary flexibility to test different PCBs. The mechanical design of the respective machine was developed. The construction and validation of the prototype were initiated, which, due to the high workload at the host company, could not be completed. The project for the machine developed in this work followed the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology and it was successfully completed and validated by the welcoming company. The financial analysis performed on the prototype of the test machine predicted a profit margin on sales between 79,6 % and 169,4 % extremely favorable values indicating an excellent opportunity for return on investment.
The automotive industry plays a crucial role in the global economy, both through job creation and economic development as well as through innovation and technological advancements. Due to the immense competitiveness in the automotive sector, companies in this field constantly need to reinvent themselves by adopting technological innovations and automation of processes to remain relevant and competitive in the global market. Additionally, the focus on increasing product quality and customer satisfaction becomes essential to surpass the competition. Therefore, automated electrical testing of electronic boards emerges, ensuring the validation of the boards before being installed in the final product, thereby guaranteeing the reliability and performance of automotive systems. The work developed in this dissertation resulted from the proposal of the host company for the curricular internship, Divmac, to develop a new machine to incorporate into its product catalog. The main objective is related to the development of the mechanical design, the construction of the prototype, and the validation of a machine to test electronic boards in a production line, with interchangeable modules. Consequently, the machine must operate autonomously in PCB production lines after the completion of component assembly, being capable of receiving different modules to enable in-circuit tests or functional tests on various PCBs. The construction of the machine consists of three main elements. Firstly, a transport system (conveyor), responsible for moving the PCBs within the machine, which can adjust its width to accommodate PCBs of different dimensions. A pressing system promotes contact between the test points of the PCB and the test needles, ensuring the execution of the electrical test. At last, two interchangeable modules, containing the needle matrix, provide the necessary flexibility to test different PCBs. The mechanical design of the respective machine was developed. The construction and validation of the prototype were initiated, which, due to the high workload at the host company, could not be completed. The project for the machine developed in this work followed the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology and it was successfully completed and validated by the welcoming company. The financial analysis performed on the prototype of the test machine predicted a profit margin on sales between 79,6 % and 169,4 % extremely favorable values indicating an excellent opportunity for return on investment.
Description
Keywords
Automotive industry Process Automation Electrical testing of PCBs Mechanical design Design Science Research methodology Indústria automóvel Automação de processo Teste elétrico em PCBs Projeto Mecânico Metodologia Design Science Research