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Abstract(s)
O propósito desse trabalho é realizar o dimensionamento de uma caixa de velocidades para um
veículo elétrico. Tendo em conta que as eficiências dos motores elétricos são relativamente altas,
há ainda um regime de trabalho em que os motores elétricos não são eficientes, portanto, torna se necessário o uso de uma caixa de velocidades para optimizar o uso dos motores elétricos. É
importante conhecer quais os tipos de veículo elétrico que existem atualmente no mercado, pois,
cada tipo de veículo tem características diferentes e consequentemente pode-se utilizar caixas de
velocidades diferentes. Para esse trabalho foi proposto que a caixa de velocidades de dupla
embraiagem, que será destinada apenas para veículos 100% elétrico que resulta em um
equipamento mais compacto e simplista. O primeiro passo para o dimensionamento é definir quais
as condições de operação em que o veículo será utilizado, podendo ser desde um veículo citadino
que atenderá as condições urbanas até um veículo off Road que se destina a utilização em estradas
com elevado aclive. A transmissão será destinada a veículo de categoria citadino no qual será
utilizado um motor elétrico com potência máxima de 81 kW. A caixa de velocidades possuirá duas
relações de transmissão, em que cada relação irá atuar em determinadas condições de operação
do veículo. A primeira relação terá como característica alto binário, ou seja, será utilizada em
condições de operação severa do veículo e a segunda relação será destinada para obtenção de
velocidade. Essa etapa é de suma importância pois é a transmissão que será responsável em elevar
e atingir o binário necessário para o automóvel poder deslocar-se. Para realizar o
dimensionamento, é recomendado utilizar um software específico que aplique as especificações
das normas existentes para cada componente da transmissão. Para isso será utilizado o software
KISSsoft® que é um programa de cálculo modular para dimensionamento, otimização e cálculo de
verificação de elementos da máquina em conformidade com as normas internacionais. Ao seguir
os procedimentos de cálculo descrito em normas, garante-se a fiabilidade e durabilidade do
equipamento. A montagem dos elementos dimensionados é uma forma de validar o
funcionamento em conjunto de todos os elementos constituintes da caixa de velocidades.
The purpose of this work is to design a gearbox for an electric vehicle. Considering that electric motors are relatively efficient, there is still a range of operating conditions where electric motors are not efficient. Therefore, the use of a gearbox becomes necessary to optimize the use of electric motors. It is important to be familiar with the types of electric vehicles currently available in the market, because, each type of vehicle has different characteristics, and consequently, different types of gearboxes may be used. For this study, it was proposed to use a dual-clutch transmission, which will be designed exclusively for 100% electric vehicles, resulting in a more compact and simplified equipment. The first step in the design process is to determine the operating conditions under which the vehicle will be used, whether it is a city car designed for urban conditions or an off-road vehicle intended for use on steep terrain. The transmission will be intended for city category vehicles in which an electric motor with a maximum power of 81 kW will be used. The gearbox will have two transmission ratios, with each ratio acting under certain operating conditions of the vehicle. The first ratio will be characterized by high torque, that is, it will be used in severe vehicle operating conditions and the second ratio will be used to obtain speed. This step is crucial because the transmission will be responsible for providing part of the power needed for the vehicle to move. To perform the design, it is recommended to use specific software. The advantage of using this type of software is that it incorporates the specifications of existing standards for each component of the transmission. In this case, the KISSsoft® software will be used, which is a modular calculation program for sizing, optimizing, and verifying machine components in accordance with international standards. By following the calculation procedures described in the standards, the reliability and durability of the equipment ensured. The assembly of the designed components is a way to validate the functioning of all the constituent elements of the gearbox when working together.
The purpose of this work is to design a gearbox for an electric vehicle. Considering that electric motors are relatively efficient, there is still a range of operating conditions where electric motors are not efficient. Therefore, the use of a gearbox becomes necessary to optimize the use of electric motors. It is important to be familiar with the types of electric vehicles currently available in the market, because, each type of vehicle has different characteristics, and consequently, different types of gearboxes may be used. For this study, it was proposed to use a dual-clutch transmission, which will be designed exclusively for 100% electric vehicles, resulting in a more compact and simplified equipment. The first step in the design process is to determine the operating conditions under which the vehicle will be used, whether it is a city car designed for urban conditions or an off-road vehicle intended for use on steep terrain. The transmission will be intended for city category vehicles in which an electric motor with a maximum power of 81 kW will be used. The gearbox will have two transmission ratios, with each ratio acting under certain operating conditions of the vehicle. The first ratio will be characterized by high torque, that is, it will be used in severe vehicle operating conditions and the second ratio will be used to obtain speed. This step is crucial because the transmission will be responsible for providing part of the power needed for the vehicle to move. To perform the design, it is recommended to use specific software. The advantage of using this type of software is that it incorporates the specifications of existing standards for each component of the transmission. In this case, the KISSsoft® software will be used, which is a modular calculation program for sizing, optimizing, and verifying machine components in accordance with international standards. By following the calculation procedures described in the standards, the reliability and durability of the equipment ensured. The assembly of the designed components is a way to validate the functioning of all the constituent elements of the gearbox when working together.
Description
Keywords
Electric vehicle Gear box Transmission Automotive industry