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Comparative studies on the photoreactivity, efficacy, and safety of depigmenting agents

2023Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorMota, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorRosa, Gonçalo P.
dc.contributor.authorBarreto, Maria Carmo
dc.contributor.authorGarrido, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorSousa, Emília
dc.contributor.authorCruz, Maria T.
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Isabel F.
dc.contributor.authorQuintas, Clara
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-02T15:15:46Z
dc.date.available2024-05-02T15:15:46Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionThanks are due to FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for supporting G.P.R.’s grant (SFRH/BD/144446/2019), through national and European funds and co-financed by the European Social Fund through the Regional Operational Programme Centro 2020, as well as to FCT, the European Union, QREN, FEDER, and COMPETE, through funding the cE3c center (FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024) and the LAQV-REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020), and Azores DRCT Pluriannual Funding (M1.1.A/FUNC.UI&D/010/2021-2024). This work is financed by national funds from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences—UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy—i4HB. This work was also financed by COMPETE 2020—Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation and Portuguese national funds via FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects UIDB/04539/2020, UIDP/04539/2020 and LA/P/0058/2020. S. Mota acknowledges her Ph.D. research grant (2022.12487.BD), fully supported by national funding by FCT.pt_PT
dc.description.abstractDepigmenting products are increasingly used to counteract skin hyperpigmentation and related psychosocial issues. This study aimed to compare different depigmenting agents—4-butylresorcinol; bakuchiol; tranexamic acid; ascorbyl glucoside; α-arbutin; and ascorbic acid—for photoreactivity; tyrosinase inhibition; and safety. Photoreactivity was assessed using the Reactive Oxygen Species assay. In vitro tyrosinase inhibition was compared, and cell viability was assessed in B-16V melanocytes to evaluate safety. Results showed 4-butylresorcinol, ascorbyl glucoside, and α-arbutin are non-photoreactive, while for ascorbic acid and bakuchiol it was not possible to reach conclusive results due to the lack of specificity of the ROS assay. 4-Butylresorcinol, acting as a competitive inhibitor, displayed potent tyrosinase inhibition, followed by ascorbic acid and bakuchiol. Both 4-butylresorcinol and bakuchiol reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. The insights obtained in this work support the development of depigmenting products by providing useful scientific guidance on the photostability, tyrosinase inhibitory efficacy, and skin safety of depigmenting agents.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationMota, S.; Rosa, G.P.; Barreto, M.C.; Garrido, J.; Sousa, E.; Cruz, M.T.; Almeida, I.F.; Quintas, C. Comparative Studies on the Photoreactivity, Efficacy, and Safety of Depigmenting Agents. Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010055pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ph17010055pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1424-8247
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/25446
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relationApplied Molecular Biosciences Unit
dc.relationApplied Molecular Biosciences Unit
dc.relationInstitute for Health and Bioeconomy
dc.relationCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology
dc.relationCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology
dc.relationCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology - Associate Laboratory
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/1/55pt_PT
dc.subjectDepigmenting agentspt_PT
dc.subjectCosmeticpt_PT
dc.subjectSkin pigmentationpt_PT
dc.subjectPhotoreactivitypt_PT
dc.subjectTyrosinase inhibitionpt_PT
dc.subjectMelanocytespt_PT
dc.subjectCytotoxicitpt_PT
dc.titleComparative studies on the photoreactivity, efficacy, and safety of depigmenting agentspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
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oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
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oaire.awardTitleApplied Molecular Biosciences Unit
oaire.awardTitleApplied Molecular Biosciences Unit
oaire.awardTitleInstitute for Health and Bioeconomy
oaire.awardTitleCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology
oaire.awardTitleCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology
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oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titlePharmaceuticalspt_PT
oaire.citation.volume17pt_PT
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