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Abstract(s)
Neste trabalho explora-se o estado da arte da aplicação de inclinómetros no âmbito da geotecnia. O tema é abordado estritamente sob o ponto de vista operacional, desde a evolução tecnológica dos dispositivos até ao processamento de dados, passando também pela instalação de tubos inclinométricos e pela manutenção dos equipamentos.
Neste documento introduzem-se também algumas informações relevantes sobre a manutenção de equipamentos e sobre a análise e o processamento de dados, algumas pouco conhecidas, outras inovadoras. No que respeita à manutenção dos equipamentos, fornecem-se elementos acerca da verificação e da calibração de inclinómetros, incluindo-se uma revisão sobre algumas metodologias que podem ser aplicadas no planeamento do calendário de calibrações.
Relativamente à produção de resultados, apresentam-se algumas técnicas de cálculo que permitem dar continuidade a históricos de observação descontínuos, estimar a distorção ocorrida no terreno e, a partir desta, estimar coeficientes de segurança locais ou prever o tempo de vida útil das instalações inclinométricas. Por fim aborda-se a questão do erro de medição com algum detalhe, fornecendo-se as ferramentas necessárias à análise qualitativa e ao melhoramento da informação recolhida, com inclusão de algumas técnicas de análise inovadoras que permitem refinar o melhoramento da informação e estimar o erro associado aos resultados inclinométricos.
Acredita-se que o conteúdo deste documento será muito útil às equipas técnicas que trabalham com estes dispositivos, sejam estas dedicadas à análise geotécnica ou à execução de trabalhos de campo. Pois, a informação existente sobre o tema concentra-se quase exclusivamente na análise geotécnica. Portanto, justifica-se a elaboração de um documento dedicado ao estado da arte desta matéria sob uma perspetiva operacional, já que esta informação se encontra muito dispersa, incompleta e frequentemente desatualizada.
In this work the state of the art of the use of borehole inclinometers in geotechnical engineering is explored. The matter is approached strictly from the operational point of view, starting with the technological evolution of these devices and ending with the data processing and analysis, also passing through casing installation and equipment maintenance. In this document, some relevant disclosures about equipment maintenance and data analysis and processing are also introduced, some little known, others innovative. Regarding equipment maintenance, elements are given about inclinometer verification and calibration, including a revision of some methodologies which can be applied to plan the calibrations’ schedule. Regarding the production of monitoring results, some calculation techniques are presented, which allow the continuity of discontinuous historical records, the estimation of ground distortion and, based on the latter, the estimation of local safety factors or the prediction of the service life of inclinometer casings. Lastly, the measurement error is approached with some detail, providing the necessary tools to perform data quality analysis and improvement, including some innovative techniques which allow the refinement of the data quality and the estimation of the error included in the monitoring results. It is believed that the content of this document will be very useful to the technical teams working with these devices, be they dedicated to geotechnical analysis or to field work. Existing information about this topic is focused almost exclusively on geotechnical analysis. Since the information on this matter from the operational point of view is very dispersed, incomplete and often outdated, a document dedicated to it is justified.
In this work the state of the art of the use of borehole inclinometers in geotechnical engineering is explored. The matter is approached strictly from the operational point of view, starting with the technological evolution of these devices and ending with the data processing and analysis, also passing through casing installation and equipment maintenance. In this document, some relevant disclosures about equipment maintenance and data analysis and processing are also introduced, some little known, others innovative. Regarding equipment maintenance, elements are given about inclinometer verification and calibration, including a revision of some methodologies which can be applied to plan the calibrations’ schedule. Regarding the production of monitoring results, some calculation techniques are presented, which allow the continuity of discontinuous historical records, the estimation of ground distortion and, based on the latter, the estimation of local safety factors or the prediction of the service life of inclinometer casings. Lastly, the measurement error is approached with some detail, providing the necessary tools to perform data quality analysis and improvement, including some innovative techniques which allow the refinement of the data quality and the estimation of the error included in the monitoring results. It is believed that the content of this document will be very useful to the technical teams working with these devices, be they dedicated to geotechnical analysis or to field work. Existing information about this topic is focused almost exclusively on geotechnical analysis. Since the information on this matter from the operational point of view is very dispersed, incomplete and often outdated, a document dedicated to it is justified.
Description
Keywords
Geotecnia Inclinómetro Observação Estabilidade Metrologia Geotechnics Inclinometer Monitoring Stability Metrology