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The use of buffers to maintain the pH within a desired range is a very common practice in chemical,
biochemical and biological studies. Among them, zwitterionic N-substituted aminosulfonic acids, usually
known as Good’s buffers, although widely used, can complex metals and interact with biological
systems. The present work reviews, discusses and updates the metal complexation characteristics of
thirty one commercially available buffers. In addition, their impact on biological systems is also
presented. The influences of these buffers on the results obtained in biological, biochemical and
environmental studies, with special focus on their interaction with metal ions, are highlighted and
critically reviewed. Using chemical speciation simulations, based on the current knowledge of the
metal–buffer stability constants, a proposal of the most adequate buffer to employ for a given metal ion
is presented.
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The Royal Society of Chemistry