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Abstract(s)
A dissertação tem como objetivo principal o estudo e a definição de critérios gerais de alerta e de alarme para a aplicação em estruturas geotécnicas de suporte de terras e em taludes rodoviários durante a fase de exploração. Este estudo advém do facto de estes critérios não se encontrarem definidos, na fase de projeto, nos planos de observação e auscultação para um conjunto amplo de estruturas instrumentadas no grupo de Concessões e Subconcessões da Ascendi I.G.I. No conjunto de estruturas analisadas destacam-se as seguintes tipologias: I) Muros ancorados, II) Muros de betão armado, III) Muros de terra armada, IV) Muros de gabiões, V) Taludes de aterro e VI) Taludes de escavação. Na primeira parte são apresentadas as principais causas e consequências da instabilização de taludes, referindo-se também ações de manutenção e/ou conservação que podem ser adotadas para mitigar as ações sobre os taludes e retardar a probabilidade de ocorrências de patologias que possam originar situações de instabilização das estruturas. Ainda nesta secção são apresentados os principais métodos de monitorização e de instrumentação que se encontram disponíveis para observação e auscultação de estruturas geotécnicas. Na segunda parte do trabalho são apresentados os níveis gerais de alerta e de alarme definidos e avaliados, com o objetivo de serem aplicados no conjunto de estruturas instrumentadas, mas que se encontram sem um plano de observação e auscultação completo. De seguida, são apresentados os muros e taludes que foram alvo do estudo realizado e para os quais os critérios propostos serão aplicados com o objetivo de analisar e avaliar o seu comportamento ao longo da fase de exploração. No último capítulo são apresentadas as conclusões finais do trabalho desenvolvido e apresentado um conjunto de perspetivas futuras que têm como objetivo consolidar os níveis propostos.
The dissertation has as main goal the study and the definition of general alert and alarm levels for the application in geotechnical structures from earth retaining walls and road slopes during its exploitation stage. This study accrues from the non-definition of these levels by the observation and auscultation plans of a wide range of instrumented structures in the group of concession and sub-concession from Ascendi I.G.I. In the set of structures, the following typologies stand out: anchored walls, reinforced concrete walls, reinforced earth walls, gabion walls, embankment slopes and excavation slopes. In the first part, the main causes and consequences of instability of slopes are presented, also referring the solution that can be adopted to mitigate the actions that act on the slope and in this way reduce the probability of them reaching instability situations. Also, in this section, the main monitoring and instrumentation methods that are available for observation and auscultation of geotechnical structures are presented. In the second part of the present work, the general alert and alarm levels are presented, with the objective of being implemented to the set of structures that have instruments but do not present a complete observation and auscultation plan. In the next chapter, the walls and slopes that were the target of the study are presented and for which the proposed levels will be applied in order to analyze and evaluate their behavior over their exploitation stage. In the last chapter, the final remarks of the work developed are made and an outlook are presented with the aim of strengthening the proposed levels.
The dissertation has as main goal the study and the definition of general alert and alarm levels for the application in geotechnical structures from earth retaining walls and road slopes during its exploitation stage. This study accrues from the non-definition of these levels by the observation and auscultation plans of a wide range of instrumented structures in the group of concession and sub-concession from Ascendi I.G.I. In the set of structures, the following typologies stand out: anchored walls, reinforced concrete walls, reinforced earth walls, gabion walls, embankment slopes and excavation slopes. In the first part, the main causes and consequences of instability of slopes are presented, also referring the solution that can be adopted to mitigate the actions that act on the slope and in this way reduce the probability of them reaching instability situations. Also, in this section, the main monitoring and instrumentation methods that are available for observation and auscultation of geotechnical structures are presented. In the second part of the present work, the general alert and alarm levels are presented, with the objective of being implemented to the set of structures that have instruments but do not present a complete observation and auscultation plan. In the next chapter, the walls and slopes that were the target of the study are presented and for which the proposed levels will be applied in order to analyze and evaluate their behavior over their exploitation stage. In the last chapter, the final remarks of the work developed are made and an outlook are presented with the aim of strengthening the proposed levels.
Description
Keywords
Nível de alerta Nível de alarme Estruturas geotécnicas Monitorização Instrumentação Alert level Alarm level Geotechnical structures Monitoring Instrumentation