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Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo a criação de uma interface humana, baseada
na eletromiografia dos músculos orbicular do olho e frontalis.
O algoritmo de programação do microcontrolador ATmega2560 deteta o piscar de olhos
voluntário, conta o número de vezes que este acontece e verifica se preenche os requisitos
necessários à execução de um comando.
Para este efeito foram utilizados elétrodos para a captação do sinal eletromiográfico. O
sinal analógico é condicionado pela Shield ECG/EMG da Olimex sendo enviado para o
arduíno ATmega2560. Este microcontrolador administra todos os atuadores, dos quais o
mais importante é um painel de comandos (quatro comandos diferentes), no qual existe um
ponteiro motorizado que indica qual a ação a realizar.
O código de execução é extremamente simples:
se o utilizador piscar os olhos três vezes, o ponteiro movimenta-se para a
secção do painel imediatamente à direita; e
se o utilizador piscar os olhos quatro vezes, o ponteiro movimenta-se para a
secção do painel imediatamente à esquerda.
Os testes realizados com este dispositivo indicam que os utilizadores demoram menos de
10 minutos a aprender a utilizar e executar todos os comandos do painel. Apenas num dos
testes realizados o dispositivo não funcionou.
Dos utilizadores que realizaram o teste:
vários usam óculos;
um idoso com graves problemas auditivos, cegueira parcial e dificuldades
locomotoras;
nenhum foi incapaz de piscar, pelo menos, um dos olhos voluntariamente; e
a maioria referiu que, com alguma concentração e principalmente se ouvirem o
bip sonoro, a aprendizagem de utilização torna-se muito fácil. Apesar dos limites impostos à concretização de um projeto deste tipo (dos quais se
evidenciam as dificuldades em conseguir voluntários com paralisia medular, bem como os
limites orçamentais), pode-se afirmar que este dispositivo é eficaz e seria uma mais valia
quando implementado num cenário de paralisia medular (total ou parcial). A melhoria de
qualidade de vida de um utilizador com estes problemas físicos, ou outros que lhe
comprometam a locomoção é garantida. O cenário em que vivem é tremendamente
limitado sendo urgente criar soluções para tornar estas vidas mais cómodas.
Com os devidos aplicativos, o utilizador poderia abrir portas ou janelas, acender ou apagar
luzes, pedir ajuda, ajustar a posição da cama, controlar cadeiras de rodas, entre outros. É
neste sentido que surge a minha motivação de criar algo que ajude estas pessoas.
The algorithm that programs the microcontroller ATmega2560 detects voluntary eye blinking, counts the number of times this action occurs and checks whether it meets the requirements to run a command. Considering this purpose, electrodes were used to collect the EMG signal. The analog signal is conditioned by Olimex Shield ECG / EMG and it is sent to the arduino ATmega2560. This microcontroller manages all the actuators of which the most important one regards a control panel (four different commands), where we can find a motor pointer indicating which action to perform. The code execution is extremely simple: • If the user blinks three times, the pointer moves to the panel section immediately to the right; • If the user blinks four times, the pointer moves to the panel section to the immediate left. Tests performed with this device indicate that users take less than 10 minutes to learn how to use and run all commands on the panel. The device only faulted in one test. Users that took the test: • Several wear glasses; • An elderly patient with severe hearing problems, blindness and partial locomotor difficulties; • None was unable to voluntarily blink at least one eye; • The majority said that, with some concentration, and especially if they hear a beep, learning usage becomes very easy. Despite the limitations of implementing a project of this type (I need to mention the difficulties of getting volunteers with spinal cord paralysis as well as budgetary constraints), this device is effective and would be an asset when deployed on a scenario of medullar paralysis (total or partial). Improving quality of life of a user, with these physical or other problems, that compromise his, or hers, mobility is guaranteed. The scenario in which they live is tremendously limited and urgently needs solutions to make these more comfortable lives. With proper application, the user could open doors or windows, turn on or off lights, ask for help, adjust the position of the bed, controlling wheelchairs, among other things. It is in this sense that my motivation is arised to create something to help such people.
The algorithm that programs the microcontroller ATmega2560 detects voluntary eye blinking, counts the number of times this action occurs and checks whether it meets the requirements to run a command. Considering this purpose, electrodes were used to collect the EMG signal. The analog signal is conditioned by Olimex Shield ECG / EMG and it is sent to the arduino ATmega2560. This microcontroller manages all the actuators of which the most important one regards a control panel (four different commands), where we can find a motor pointer indicating which action to perform. The code execution is extremely simple: • If the user blinks three times, the pointer moves to the panel section immediately to the right; • If the user blinks four times, the pointer moves to the panel section to the immediate left. Tests performed with this device indicate that users take less than 10 minutes to learn how to use and run all commands on the panel. The device only faulted in one test. Users that took the test: • Several wear glasses; • An elderly patient with severe hearing problems, blindness and partial locomotor difficulties; • None was unable to voluntarily blink at least one eye; • The majority said that, with some concentration, and especially if they hear a beep, learning usage becomes very easy. Despite the limitations of implementing a project of this type (I need to mention the difficulties of getting volunteers with spinal cord paralysis as well as budgetary constraints), this device is effective and would be an asset when deployed on a scenario of medullar paralysis (total or partial). Improving quality of life of a user, with these physical or other problems, that compromise his, or hers, mobility is guaranteed. The scenario in which they live is tremendously limited and urgently needs solutions to make these more comfortable lives. With proper application, the user could open doors or windows, turn on or off lights, ask for help, adjust the position of the bed, controlling wheelchairs, among other things. It is in this sense that my motivation is arised to create something to help such people.
Description
Keywords
Interface Humana Músculo-Facial Arduíno Paralisia Biossensor Sinal biológico Nervo facial Human Interface of Facial Muscle Arduino Paralysis Biosensor Biological signal Facial nerve