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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Com a alteração da legislação energética em Portugal, nomeadamente a implementação da
legislação de Micro e Minigeração, a produção distribuída cresceu de forma exponencial na
rede elétrica nacional, diminuindo por um lado as perdas no transporte e distribuição, e por
outro aumentando a complexidade na gestão do trânsito de potência ao Distribuidor.
No entanto a motivação desta dissertação prende-se com o facto de que as centrais de
produção distribuída, em particular as de tecnologia fotovoltaica, pela sua dimensão, serem
instaladas nos pontos de consumo, em paralelo com a instalação elétrica de utilização do
cliente e como tal, têm sido verificadas diversas anomalias no funcionamento e exploração
das mesmas, por influência da má qualidade de energia resultante das más condições de
funcionamento e exploração em que se encontram as instalações de consumo.
A presente dissertação pretende apresentar uma descrição das anomalias mais frequentes
verificadas nas centrais fotovoltaicas de minigeração com origem na qualidade da energia
que transita das instalações elétricas de consumo ligadas ao mesmo ponto de interligação
com a rede elétrica nacional.
Como base de fundamento, foram demonstradas através de três casos práticos reais, algumas
das mais frequentes e prejudiciais anomalias descritas na presente dissertação. Foram
escolhidos 3 casos reais com diferentes tipos de instalação de consumo sendo que um deles
não apresenta qualquer anomalia de forma a comprovar o bom funcionamento em condições
normais de ambas as instalações. Foram encontradas e demonstradas várias soluções paras
os diferentes tipos de anomalias, no entanto esta dissertação vai permitir não só a resolução
deste tipo de anomalias em centrais fotovoltaicas em exploração e já com prejuízos avultados
mas também introduzir em futuras instalações a análise da qualidade da energia nas
instalações de consumo em fase preliminar de estudo de implementação de centrais
fotovoltaicas de minigeração e de autoconsumo, precavendo futuros problemas de
rentabilidade técnico-económica. Este estudo, irá certamente servir de motor de impulsão
para a preocupação com a Qualidade da Energia essencialmente dentro das instalações
elétricas de consumo sensibilizando os seus gestores energéticos. Poderá ainda impulsionar a reformulação do Regulamento de Qualidade de Serviço para
exigências ainda mais apertadas de forma a incorporar algumas das anomalias aqui descritas,
sendo por isso um elemento de alerta para todos os “Players” do Sistema Elétrico Nacional
tendo como limite a melhoria continua da Segurança e da Qualidade da energia na rede
elétrica beneficiando da sensibilização de todos os intervenientes.
The incoming changes of energy legislation in Portugal, mostly known as Micro and Minigeneration legislation, distributed generation has grown exponentially in the national electrical grid, reducing the losses in transmission and distribution, however in the other and increasing complexity in managing of power flow by eletrical Distributor. However the study motivation refers the fact that the distributed production plants, in particular the photovoltaics, because of their size, are being installed at the same point of consumption electrical installation, in parallel with the costumer electrical grid and how such have been checked several anomalies in the working mode and operation of it because of the poor energy quality influence, resulting from poor working conditions and exploitation of consumer electrical installation.. This study aims to present a description of the most common anomalies in the photovoltaic plants of minigeneration originating in power quality transiting by consumption electrical installations connected to the same point of interconnection with the national grid. Supporting the study, it has been demonstrated through three real case studies, some of the most frequent and damaging anomalies described in this dissertation. Three real cases were chosen with different types of consumer electrical installation and one of them doesn’t show any issue in order to ensure the correct working mode under normal conditions of both installations. It were found and demonstrated several solutions to the different anomalies, however this study will allow not only the elimination of some anomalies in photovoltaic power plants in operation and with already huge losses but also introduce into future installations the analysis of power quality installations at a preliminary stage of implementation study of photovoltaic plants of minigeneration and self-consumption, previewing future problems of technical and economic viability. This study will certainly work as a carrying motor for concern to Power Quality essentially within the consumption electrical installations sensitizing their energy managers. It can also boost the reform of the Quality Service Regulation for even tighter requirements to incorporate some of the anomalies described here. It is therefore an alert element for all "Players" in the National Electric System having as limit the continuous improvement of safety and power quality in the grid benefiting from the awareness of all stakeholders.
The incoming changes of energy legislation in Portugal, mostly known as Micro and Minigeneration legislation, distributed generation has grown exponentially in the national electrical grid, reducing the losses in transmission and distribution, however in the other and increasing complexity in managing of power flow by eletrical Distributor. However the study motivation refers the fact that the distributed production plants, in particular the photovoltaics, because of their size, are being installed at the same point of consumption electrical installation, in parallel with the costumer electrical grid and how such have been checked several anomalies in the working mode and operation of it because of the poor energy quality influence, resulting from poor working conditions and exploitation of consumer electrical installation.. This study aims to present a description of the most common anomalies in the photovoltaic plants of minigeneration originating in power quality transiting by consumption electrical installations connected to the same point of interconnection with the national grid. Supporting the study, it has been demonstrated through three real case studies, some of the most frequent and damaging anomalies described in this dissertation. Three real cases were chosen with different types of consumer electrical installation and one of them doesn’t show any issue in order to ensure the correct working mode under normal conditions of both installations. It were found and demonstrated several solutions to the different anomalies, however this study will allow not only the elimination of some anomalies in photovoltaic power plants in operation and with already huge losses but also introduce into future installations the analysis of power quality installations at a preliminary stage of implementation study of photovoltaic plants of minigeneration and self-consumption, previewing future problems of technical and economic viability. This study will certainly work as a carrying motor for concern to Power Quality essentially within the consumption electrical installations sensitizing their energy managers. It can also boost the reform of the Quality Service Regulation for even tighter requirements to incorporate some of the anomalies described here. It is therefore an alert element for all "Players" in the National Electric System having as limit the continuous improvement of safety and power quality in the grid benefiting from the awareness of all stakeholders.
Description
Keywords
Fotovoltaico Minigeração Produção Distribuída Produção Qualidade de Energia Anomalias nas Centrais fotovoltaicas Photovoltaic PV Central Minigeneration Distributed Power Generation Power Quality Photovoltaic PV Central anomalies