| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.36 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Realizar uma boa gestão de stock, nem sempre é uma tarefa fácil. É uma atividade que requer
uma gestão cuidada por parte da organização pois é quem dita a produção da empresa. Se
existem produtos suficientes no armazém, não se deve produzir, se não, tem de se produzir.
Nesse sentido é necessário saber as quantidades dos diferentes produtos existentes no
armazém assim como controlar as encomendas dos clientes por forma a determinar se existem
artigos suficientes para satisfazer os compradores. Uma gestão de stock eficaz permite resolver
problemas como a falta ou excesso de stock assim como a diminuição de custos com a
manutenção dos produtos.
Na ótica de querer melhorar a gestão de stock duma empresa produtora de embalagens
plásticas e produtos de limpeza, começou-se por efetuar uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os
principais pontos de stock assim como SMED, pois a empresa gostaria de diminuir os tempos
de setup das máquinas de produção de embalagens plásticas. Após esta revisão bibliográfica
foram definidas as três metodologias aplicadas neste projeto de gestão de stock. Sendo a
primeira, a análise ABC que permitiu identificar os produtos com mais impacto financeiro pela
empresa que são os quais este trabalho tem foco. A segunda metodologia, a previsão de vendas
pois permite calcular as vendas futuras de cada produto com base dos seus dados históricos.
Foram usados os modelos de previsão Holt-Winters Duplo, Holt-Winters Triplo, regressão linear
assim como uma ferramenta desenvolvida em Microsoft Excel. A aplicação de diferentes
métodos viabiliza a identificação daquele que melhor se adapta à previsão de cada produto
com base do erro de previsão. A terceira metodologia é a aplicação de um MRP (Material
Requirement Planning) que permite calcular a quantidade de stock presente no armazém e
planear o lançamento de ordens de fabrico a tempo para evitar a rotura de stock. Não dispondo
de qualquer software de gestão de stock na empresa, estas metodologias foram desenvolvidas
no programa Microsoft Excel e foi programado um protótipo em linguagem VBA para cada uma
delas.
Os resultados obtidos pela ferramenta de previsão de vendas mostraram precisão quando
comparados com as vendas reais dos produtos. Isso leva a querer que a previsão realizada é
viável e pode ser explorada. Já o protótipo MRP, mostrou ser capaz de controlar a produção
dos produtos estudados, propondo uma data de lançamento de produção dos mesmos e
calculando, automaticamente, o stock atual no armazém.
Graças aos bons resultados obtidos pela ferramenta de previsão de vendas, assim como a
implementação de um MRP, a empresa foi capaz de implementar melhorias a sua gestão de
produção, bem como a sua gestão de stock, e assim, aumentar a sua eficácia.
Carrying out effective stock management is not always an easy task. It is an activity that requires careful management by the organization as it dictates the company’s production. If there are enough products in the warehouse, production should not proceed, if not, production must occur. In this sense, it is necessary to know the quantities of the different products available in the warehouse as well as to monitor customer orders to determinate if there are enough items to satisfy buyers. Effective stock management helps solve problems such as stock shortages or surpluses, as well as reducing costs associated with product maintenance. With the aim of improving stock management in a company that produces plastic packaging and cleaning products, a bibliographic search was first conducted on key stock management points as well as SMED, as the company wanted to reduce the setup times of plastic packaging production machines. After this bibliographic review, three methodologies were defined and applied in this stock management project. The first methodology was the ABC analysis, which allowed the identification of the products with the greatest financial impact on the company, which are the focus of this work. The second methodology was sales forecasting, as it allows the calculation of future sales for each product based on their historical data. The forecasting models used were Holt-Winters Double, Holt-Winters Triple, linear regression, as well as a tool developed in Microsoft Excel. The application of different methods makes it possible to identify the one that best suits the forecast of each product based on the forecasting error. The third methodology was the application of an MRP (Material Requirement Planning) system, which allows the calculation of the stock quantity present in the warehouse and planning the release of production orders in time to avoid stockouts. As the company did not have any stock management software, these methodologies were developed in Microsoft Excel, and a prototype was programmed in VBA language for each of them. The results obtained by the sales forecasting tool showed accuracy when compared to the actual sales of the products. This suggests that the forecast made is feasible and can be further explored. The MRP prototype proved to be capable of controlling the production of the studies products, proposing a production release date for them and automatically calculating the current stock in the warehouse. Thanks to the good results obtained by the sales forecasting tool, as well as the implementation of an MRP, the company was able to implement improvements in its production management, as well as its stock management, thereby increasing its efficiency.
Carrying out effective stock management is not always an easy task. It is an activity that requires careful management by the organization as it dictates the company’s production. If there are enough products in the warehouse, production should not proceed, if not, production must occur. In this sense, it is necessary to know the quantities of the different products available in the warehouse as well as to monitor customer orders to determinate if there are enough items to satisfy buyers. Effective stock management helps solve problems such as stock shortages or surpluses, as well as reducing costs associated with product maintenance. With the aim of improving stock management in a company that produces plastic packaging and cleaning products, a bibliographic search was first conducted on key stock management points as well as SMED, as the company wanted to reduce the setup times of plastic packaging production machines. After this bibliographic review, three methodologies were defined and applied in this stock management project. The first methodology was the ABC analysis, which allowed the identification of the products with the greatest financial impact on the company, which are the focus of this work. The second methodology was sales forecasting, as it allows the calculation of future sales for each product based on their historical data. The forecasting models used were Holt-Winters Double, Holt-Winters Triple, linear regression, as well as a tool developed in Microsoft Excel. The application of different methods makes it possible to identify the one that best suits the forecast of each product based on the forecasting error. The third methodology was the application of an MRP (Material Requirement Planning) system, which allows the calculation of the stock quantity present in the warehouse and planning the release of production orders in time to avoid stockouts. As the company did not have any stock management software, these methodologies were developed in Microsoft Excel, and a prototype was programmed in VBA language for each of them. The results obtained by the sales forecasting tool showed accuracy when compared to the actual sales of the products. This suggests that the forecast made is feasible and can be further explored. The MRP prototype proved to be capable of controlling the production of the studies products, proposing a production release date for them and automatically calculating the current stock in the warehouse. Thanks to the good results obtained by the sales forecasting tool, as well as the implementation of an MRP, the company was able to implement improvements in its production management, as well as its stock management, thereby increasing its efficiency.
Description
Keywords
Inventory management Forecast MRP SMED Gestão de stock Previsão