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Otimização da configuração elétrica em parques fotovoltaicos: Minimização de perdas por sombreamento e mismatch
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| 16.83 MB | Adobe PDF |
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O investimento em projetos de energia solar fotovoltaica tem crescido de forma expressiva ao longo dos últimos anos, representando aproximadamente 80% da expansão da eletricidade renovável a nível global. A contínua redução dos custos dos equipamentos e o apoio político em diversos países tornam essencial a otimização da produção para garantir a viabilidade técnica e económica da construção de novos parques fotovoltaicos. No entanto a eficiência destes sistemas é fortemente condicionada por fatores externos, tais como sombreamento e as incertezas meteorológicas. Neste contexto, esta dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia de otimização da configuração elétrica em parques solares, com a finalidade de maximizar a produção de energia elétrica e minimizar as perdas. O presente estudo baseia-se num parque fotovoltaico em fase de construção, cujo layout foi modelado no software PVcase e importado para o PVsyst para simular o desempenho
energético e determinar o índice de performance. A metodologia proposta inclui a simulação e comparação de várias possibilidades de configuração de strings de módulos fotovoltaicos e estratégias de ligação aos MPPTs dos inversores, analisando o impacto na produção anual de energia, Performance Ratio (PR), perdas energéticas e variação sazonal do desempenho. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a otimização da configuração elétrica permite obter ganhos de produção anual de energia de 2,3% correspondente a 45,7 MWh e um aumento de 1,85 pontos percentuais de PR para o caso de estudo 1 e 18,7 MWh (0,9%) e um aumento de 0,75 pontos percentuais de PR caso de estudo 2. Este estudo contribui desta forma para a definição de melhores práticas na configuração elétrica de parques solares que permitem obter melhores resultados com a mesma potência instalada, aumentando assim a sua eficiência e competitividade no setor energético.
Investment in photovoltaic solar energy projects has grown significantly over the past years, accounting for approximately 80% of the expansion of renewable electricity worldwide. The continuous reduction in equipment costs and political support in several countries make production optimization essential to ensure the technical and economic feasibility of new photovoltaic plants projects. However, the efficiency of these systems is strongly constrained by external factors such as shading and meteorological uncertainties. In this context, this dissertation aims to develop a methodology to optimize the electrical configuration in solar plants, with the purpose of maximizing energy production and minimizing system losses. The study is based on a photovoltaic plant under construction, whose layout was modeled in PVcase software and imported into PVsyst to perform production analysis and calculate the performance ratio. The proposed methodology includes the simulation and comparison of several string configuration possibilities and strategies for connecting them to the inverter MPPT inputs, comparing the impact on annual energy production, Performance Ratio (PR), system losses and seasonal variation of performance. The results showed that the optimization of the electrical configuration enables annual energy production gains of 2.3% (corresponding to 45.7 MWh) and an increase of 1.85 percentage points in PR for case study 1, as well as 18.7 MWh (0.9%) and an increase of 0.75 percentage points in PR for case study 2. This study therefore contributes to the definition of best practices in the electrical configuration of solar parks, allowing better results to be achieved with the same installed capacity, enhancing their efficiency and competitiveness in the energy sector.
Investment in photovoltaic solar energy projects has grown significantly over the past years, accounting for approximately 80% of the expansion of renewable electricity worldwide. The continuous reduction in equipment costs and political support in several countries make production optimization essential to ensure the technical and economic feasibility of new photovoltaic plants projects. However, the efficiency of these systems is strongly constrained by external factors such as shading and meteorological uncertainties. In this context, this dissertation aims to develop a methodology to optimize the electrical configuration in solar plants, with the purpose of maximizing energy production and minimizing system losses. The study is based on a photovoltaic plant under construction, whose layout was modeled in PVcase software and imported into PVsyst to perform production analysis and calculate the performance ratio. The proposed methodology includes the simulation and comparison of several string configuration possibilities and strategies for connecting them to the inverter MPPT inputs, comparing the impact on annual energy production, Performance Ratio (PR), system losses and seasonal variation of performance. The results showed that the optimization of the electrical configuration enables annual energy production gains of 2.3% (corresponding to 45.7 MWh) and an increase of 1.85 percentage points in PR for case study 1, as well as 18.7 MWh (0.9%) and an increase of 0.75 percentage points in PR for case study 2. This study therefore contributes to the definition of best practices in the electrical configuration of solar parks, allowing better results to be achieved with the same installed capacity, enhancing their efficiency and competitiveness in the energy sector.
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Photovoltaic systems Electrical configuration Shading Mismatch Optimization Sistemas fotovoltaicos Configuração elétrica Sombreamento Otimização
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Without CC licence