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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O projeto apresentado neste documento consiste no desenvolvimento de um sistema sem fios de controlo de acessos que deverá ser aplicado em instalações urbanas, tais como arranha céus ou casas ajardinadas. Existirá uma sala de controlo principal que deverá conseguir comunicar com estas propriedades que podem estar a uma distância considerável. O problema em questão consiste no desenvolvimento de um sistema de monotorização sem fios dadas as limitações arquitetónicas e altos custos de uma implementação com cablagem. Esta solução deve permitir comunicações de longo alcance, a inserção de novos nós de forma simples e um esquema modular que permita a inserção de novas funcionalidades de forma prática. Para o desenvolvimento e implementação desta plataforma foram inicialmente estudadas diversas tecnologias rádio tais como Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Sigfox, LoRa, Wi-Fi e NarrowbandIoT, sendo feita depois uma comparação entre estas para escolher a mais adequada ao projeto. A tecnologia escolhida para o desenvolvimento do projeto foi a LoRa, uma vez que possui bastante suporte e informação, além de possuir as características necessárias e desejadas para a sua implementação no presente sistema. É entre todas as tecnologias analisadas a que permite um maior alcance, acompanhada de uma maior eficiência energética. As aplicações são o funcionamento como gateway, acionamento de relés, deteção de fuga de água e deteção de fumo que neste projeto foi trabalhado como sensor de humidade e temperatura. Relativamente ao software desenvolvido, este foi também baseado neste conceito de expandir e modificar facilmente o sistema, está dividido por funções permitindo uma melhor gestão do seu funcionamento. Foram realizados testes através de breadboards a cada um dos pontos onde o sistema pode ser aplicado e foram realizados também testes de alcance de forma a garantir e confirmar que a tecnologia escolhida oferecia a resposta para o problema em questão. Após definidas as aplicações necessárias para o desenvolvimento do projeto, foram desenvolvidas PCBs, utilizando sempre um núcleo central, sendo assim possível modificar facilmente o tipo de aplicação e expandir o projeto para outras áreas.
The project presented in this document consists of the development of a wireless access control system that should be applied in urban facilities, such as garden-style apartments and high-rises. There will be a main control room that should be able to communicate with these properties which may be at a considerable distance. The problem in question is the development of a wireless monitoring system given the architectural limitations and high costs of a cabling implementation. This solution should allow long-range communications, the insertion of new nodes in an easy way and a modular scheme that allows the insertion of new features in a practical way. For the development and implementation of this system, several radio technologies were initially studied, such as Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Sigfox, LoRa, Wi-Fi and Narrowband-IoT, and then a comparison was made between them to choose the most appropriate to the project. The technology chosen for the development of the project was LoRa, since it has a lot of support and information besides having the necessary and desire characteristics for its implementation in the present system. It is among all the technologies analysed, the one that allows a greater reach, accompanied by greater energy efficiency. The applications are the operation as gateway, multiple relays trigger, water leakage and smoke detector that in this project was worked as a humidity and temperature sensor. Regarding the software developed, this was also based on this concept of easily expanding and modifying the system, it is divided by functions allowing a better management of its operation. Tests were carried out by using breadboards for each of the points where the system can be applied and reach tests were also carried out to ensure and confirm that the chosen technology offered the answer to the problem in question. After defined the applications in this project, PCBs were developed, always using a central core, so it can be easily modified to the type of application and expand the project to other areas.
The project presented in this document consists of the development of a wireless access control system that should be applied in urban facilities, such as garden-style apartments and high-rises. There will be a main control room that should be able to communicate with these properties which may be at a considerable distance. The problem in question is the development of a wireless monitoring system given the architectural limitations and high costs of a cabling implementation. This solution should allow long-range communications, the insertion of new nodes in an easy way and a modular scheme that allows the insertion of new features in a practical way. For the development and implementation of this system, several radio technologies were initially studied, such as Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Sigfox, LoRa, Wi-Fi and Narrowband-IoT, and then a comparison was made between them to choose the most appropriate to the project. The technology chosen for the development of the project was LoRa, since it has a lot of support and information besides having the necessary and desire characteristics for its implementation in the present system. It is among all the technologies analysed, the one that allows a greater reach, accompanied by greater energy efficiency. The applications are the operation as gateway, multiple relays trigger, water leakage and smoke detector that in this project was worked as a humidity and temperature sensor. Regarding the software developed, this was also based on this concept of easily expanding and modifying the system, it is divided by functions allowing a better management of its operation. Tests were carried out by using breadboards for each of the points where the system can be applied and reach tests were also carried out to ensure and confirm that the chosen technology offered the answer to the problem in question. After defined the applications in this project, PCBs were developed, always using a central core, so it can be easily modified to the type of application and expand the project to other areas.
Description
Keywords
Automação residencial Controlo de Acessos Propriedades multifamiliares LoRa Home Automation Access Control Multi-Family Properties