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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O fabrico aditivo tem provado ser uma das tecnologias de fabrico de maior relevo e com
crescimento mais acentuado nos últimos anos. Isto tem impulsionado uma elevada procura
pela aplicação de materiais e soluções inovadoras que assegurem propriedades mecânicas
superiores comparativamente a materiais mais convencionais, retendo as vantagens inerentes
a este processo de fabrico. Por esta razão, as tecnologias de Modelagem por Fusão e Deposição
(FDM) têm apresentado especial interesse na aplicação de filamentos poliméricos reforçados
com fibras.
O trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento de um equipamento
para produção de filamento em PLA reforçado com fibras contínuas de carbono para ser
aplicado em processos FDM. O projeto iniciou-se com uma extensa revisão bibliográfica do
fabrico aditivo, das tecnologias FDM e da aplicabilidade de filamentos reforçados com fibras.
Com isto, procedeu-se ao desenvolvimento do equipamento de produção de filamento, com
base num protótipo já existente, sobre o qual foram idealizadas diversas otimizações com o
objetivo de aumentar a qualidade, estabilidade dimensional e características do filamento
produzido. Para tal, foram conduzidos diversos ensaios para otimização dos parâmetros de
produção e para o estudo do impacto das melhorias implementadas até ser obtido um
filamento com as propriedades e características necessárias.
De forma a caracterizar e avaliar o filamento produzido, fizeram-se ensaios de calcinação para
determinação do teor de fibras, assim como a obtenção de imagens por microscopia para
avaliar a dispersão de fibras e geometria do filamento obtido.
Os resultados obtidos foram bastante positivos, produzindo-se um filamento dimensional e
geometricamente estável, com teor de fibras dentro do expectável e diâmetro médio bastante
próximo do valor de referência.
Considerou-se que o filamento produzido apresenta as características necessárias para ser
aplicado a equipamentos de fabrico aditivo por FDM. Foram ainda realizados ensaios
preliminares num equipamento deste tipo, que confirmaram o potencial da solução.
In recent years, additive manufacturing has emerged as one of the most significant and fastgrowing technologies in the manufacturing industry. This has driven an incredibly high demand for innovative materials and solutions that ensure enhanced mechanical properties over traditional materials while retaining the inherent advantages of additive manufacturing. For this reason, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technologies have gained increasing interest in the application of fibre reinforced polymer. In this dissertation concerns the development of an equipment for the production of continuous fibre reinforced filament for additive manufacturing, specifically targeting FDM processes. The project began with an extensive review of the state-of-the-art in additive manufacturing, FDM technologies and fibre reinforced plastics applications. Following this, an equipment for the production of such filaments, specifically continuous carbon fibre reinforced PLA filament, was developed, based on an already existing prototype, for which several optimizations were idealized in order to improve filament quality, characteristics and dimensional consistency. To achieve this, multiple trials were conducted to optimise the production parameters and to study the impact of these improvements until a filament with the required properties and characteristics was obtained. To characterise and evaluate the filament, calcination tests were carried out to determine the fibre content, and microscopic imaging was used to assess fibre dispersion and geometry of the resulting filament. The results were highly positive, with the filament presenting both dimensional and geometric stability, fibre content within the expected range, and an average diameter close to the reference value. It was concluded that the produced filament possesses the adequate characteristics for application in FDM additive manufacturing equipment. Preliminary tests conducted on such equipment further confirmed the potential of this solution.
In recent years, additive manufacturing has emerged as one of the most significant and fastgrowing technologies in the manufacturing industry. This has driven an incredibly high demand for innovative materials and solutions that ensure enhanced mechanical properties over traditional materials while retaining the inherent advantages of additive manufacturing. For this reason, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technologies have gained increasing interest in the application of fibre reinforced polymer. In this dissertation concerns the development of an equipment for the production of continuous fibre reinforced filament for additive manufacturing, specifically targeting FDM processes. The project began with an extensive review of the state-of-the-art in additive manufacturing, FDM technologies and fibre reinforced plastics applications. Following this, an equipment for the production of such filaments, specifically continuous carbon fibre reinforced PLA filament, was developed, based on an already existing prototype, for which several optimizations were idealized in order to improve filament quality, characteristics and dimensional consistency. To achieve this, multiple trials were conducted to optimise the production parameters and to study the impact of these improvements until a filament with the required properties and characteristics was obtained. To characterise and evaluate the filament, calcination tests were carried out to determine the fibre content, and microscopic imaging was used to assess fibre dispersion and geometry of the resulting filament. The results were highly positive, with the filament presenting both dimensional and geometric stability, fibre content within the expected range, and an average diameter close to the reference value. It was concluded that the produced filament possesses the adequate characteristics for application in FDM additive manufacturing equipment. Preliminary tests conducted on such equipment further confirmed the potential of this solution.
Description
Keywords
Additive manufacturing 3D printing Rapid prototyping Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Composite materials Fibre reinforced filament PLA Carbon fibre Fabrico aditivo Impressão 3D Prototipagem rápida Modelagem por fusão e deposição (FDM) Materiais compósitos Filamento reforçado com fibras Fibra de carbono