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| 6.68 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A crescente utilização de energias renováveis fez surgir variações na produção de energia, provocando novos desafios na gestão da rede. No caso das micro redes, estas variações são ainda mais preocupantes. Como tal, há a necessidade de utilizar estratégias para mitigar estes problemas, sendo uma delas, a utilização de flexibilidade das cargas (demand response). Nesta dissertação são abordadas as micro redes, dando-se grande importância à produção de energia elétrica através de fontes de energia renováveis. A produção de energia elétrica através de energia eólica, painéis fotovoltaicos e centrais mini-hídricas, é a base da produção para esta implementação. Com recurso a cargas flexíveis, aplicam-se programas de demand response. Deste modo, é feita uma gestão dos consumos face à produção, assegurando o fornecimento de energia elétrica a todos os clientes da rede. Para tal, foram aplicadas metodologias e controlados os emuladores do laboratório, através de uma infraestrutura SCADA. Esta implementação conta com a aplicação de programas de demand response, de forma a controlar os consumos da micro rede. A emulação é dividida em duas partes distintas. Na primeira, é feita a emulação dos diversos equipamentos do laboratório, de forma a estudar o seu funcionamento individual. Numa segunda parte, é emulado o caso de estudo que consiste numa micro rede constituída pelos equipamentos do laboratório, testados na primeira parte. A gestão de cargas num determinado intervalo, é feita pelo uso de programas de demand response aplicados, sucessivamente, até se atingir a redução desejada (ramping). Com base nos resultados apresentados, fez-se uma análise do tempo de resposta dos equipamentos, bem como da viabilidade deste tipo de implementação em micro redes. Assim permite-se garantir um controlo fiável e seguro dos consumos e produções, de uma micro rede inteligente.
The growing use of renewable energies has led to variations in energy production, causing new challenges in network management. In the case of microgrids, these variations are even more worrying. As such, there is a need to use strategies to mitigate these problems, one of which is the use of cargo flexibility (demand response). In this dissertation, microgrids are approached, giving great importance to the production of electric energy through renewable energy sources. The production of electric energy through wind energy, photovoltaic panels and mini-hydro plants, is the basis of production for this implementation. With flexible loads, demand response programs are applied. In this way, consumption is managed in relation to production, ensuring the supply of electricity to all network customers. To this end, methodologies were applied, and the laboratory emulators were controlled through a SCADA infrastructure. This implementation relies on the application of demand response programs, to control the consumption of the microgrid. The emulation is divided into two distinct parts. In the first, the emulation of the various laboratory equipment is made, to study its individual functioning. In a second part, the case study is emulated, consisting of a micro network made up of laboratory equipment, tested in the first part. The management of loads in a determined interval, is made using demand response programs applied, successively, until the desired reduction (ramping) is reached. Based on the results presented, an analysis was made of the equipment's response time, as well as the feasibility of this type of implementation in microgrids. In this way, it is possible to guarantee a reliable and safe control of consumption and production of an intelligent microgrid.
The growing use of renewable energies has led to variations in energy production, causing new challenges in network management. In the case of microgrids, these variations are even more worrying. As such, there is a need to use strategies to mitigate these problems, one of which is the use of cargo flexibility (demand response). In this dissertation, microgrids are approached, giving great importance to the production of electric energy through renewable energy sources. The production of electric energy through wind energy, photovoltaic panels and mini-hydro plants, is the basis of production for this implementation. With flexible loads, demand response programs are applied. In this way, consumption is managed in relation to production, ensuring the supply of electricity to all network customers. To this end, methodologies were applied, and the laboratory emulators were controlled through a SCADA infrastructure. This implementation relies on the application of demand response programs, to control the consumption of the microgrid. The emulation is divided into two distinct parts. In the first, the emulation of the various laboratory equipment is made, to study its individual functioning. In a second part, the case study is emulated, consisting of a micro network made up of laboratory equipment, tested in the first part. The management of loads in a determined interval, is made using demand response programs applied, successively, until the desired reduction (ramping) is reached. Based on the results presented, an analysis was made of the equipment's response time, as well as the feasibility of this type of implementation in microgrids. In this way, it is possible to guarantee a reliable and safe control of consumption and production of an intelligent microgrid.
Description
Keywords
Micro Rede Demand Response Ramping period Microgrid Demand Response Ramping period