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Abstract(s)
As máquinas são equipamentos industriais que durante a sua operação podem ter avarias/anomalias que afetam ou condicionam o seu funcionamento normal. Este tipo de problemas impede o correto funcionamento da máquina provocando perdas de produção, aumentando assim os tempos de ciclo para o fabrico de novas peças. Por estes motivos, é fundamental criar procedimentos e instruções de manutenção para minimizar todas as falhas ocorrentes nas máquinas evitando a ocorrência de avarias. O presente trabalho consistiu na análise de avarias em guilhotinas e quinadoras da empresa Adira, tendo principalmente atenção às falhas ocorridas nas máquinas produzidas atualmente. Na elaboração deste trabalho e após a recolha dos dados sobre as avarias, foi feita uma seleção tendo por base três parâmetros de seleção em três máquinas distintas, sendo depois estas classificadas através do método FMEA. A análise FMEA permitiu classificar as avarias selecionadas tendo em conta a sua gravidade, permitindo assim encontrar possíveis causas. Foi assim possível identificar oportunidades de melhoria para contrariar essas avarias fazendo-se um breve estudo sobre possíveis soluções a implementar. Foi feito o dimensionamento dos cilindros de uma quinadora PA assim como o estudo para a respetiva aplicação de um filtro de ar no depósito do óleo, também, um estudo de redimensionamento da geometria do fuso de uma quinadora BB como um estudo à barra dos calcadores de uma guilhotina. Posteriormente foram criadas check-list de manutenção para quinadoras e guilhotinas assim como uma nova folha de serviço para as assistências técnicas. Este trabalho teve ainda como objetivo a otimização de alguns processos de trabalho, como a criação de uma ferramenta para fazer intervenções aos calcadores de uma guilhotina, realizando testes estruturais aos seus componentes e verificando-se assim a sua resistência quando estes estão sujeitos a esforços. Incutiu-se ainda a ideia que a Adira está a desenvolver processos internos de modo a implementar ferramentas como o Service Mobile e os óculos monoculares para se fazer assistência remotas de uma forma a que as soluções sejam otimizadas e mais eficientes, sendo feito ainda uma apresentação de alguns processos do controlo de qualidade para materiais adquiridos pela Adira. Pode-se concluir, que a maioria dos casos de estudos que foram selecionados para a análise, alcançaram resultados positivos. Em relação às oportunidades de melhoria para diminuir as avarias, estas têm sido todas implementadas tendo resultados mais otimistas, ao invés da otimização de processos em que alguns deles ainda não foram aplicados, apesar de todas as ideias serem aprovadas pelos respetivos departamentos inseridos no estudo.
Machines are industrial equipment that during their operation may have malfunctions / anomalies that affect or condition their normal operation. This type of problems prevents the correct operation of the machine causing production losses, thus increasing the cycle times for the manufacture of new parts. For these reasons, it is essential to create procedures and maintenance instructions to minimize all failures occurring in the machines avoiding the occurrence of breakdowns. The present work consisted in the analysis of malfunctions in guillotines and press brakes of the company Adira, mainly of the failures occurred in the machines currently produced. In the elaboration of this work and after the collection of the data on the malfunctions, a selection was made based on three selection parameters in three different machines, which were then classified through the FMEA method. The FMEA analysis allowed to classify the selected malfunctions taking, into account their severity, thus allowing us to find possible causes. It was thus possible to identify opportunities for improvement to counter these failures by making a brief study of possible solutions to be implemented. It was done the sizing of the cylinders of a PA press brake and with the respective application of an air filter in the oil tank, also, a study of resizing the geometry of the spindle of a BB press brake as to the bar of the hold-downs of a guillotine. Subsequently, several maintenances checklists were created, as well a new service sheet for technical assistance. This work also aimed to optimize some work processes, such as the creation of a tool to make interventions to the hold-downs of a guillotine, performing structural tests to its components and thus verifying their resistance when they are subject to stress. It was also instilled the idea that Adira is developing internal processes in the order to implement tools such as Service Mobile and monocular glasses to make remote assistance in a way that the solutions are optimized and more efficient, and also a presentation of some quality control processes for materials purchased by Adira. It can be concluded that most of the case studies that were selected for the analysis, achieved positive results. Regarding the opportunities for improvement to reduce breakdowns, these have all been implemented with more optimistic results, rather than the optimization of processes in which some of them have not yet been applied, despite the fact all the ideas have been approved by the respective departments inserted in the study.
Machines are industrial equipment that during their operation may have malfunctions / anomalies that affect or condition their normal operation. This type of problems prevents the correct operation of the machine causing production losses, thus increasing the cycle times for the manufacture of new parts. For these reasons, it is essential to create procedures and maintenance instructions to minimize all failures occurring in the machines avoiding the occurrence of breakdowns. The present work consisted in the analysis of malfunctions in guillotines and press brakes of the company Adira, mainly of the failures occurred in the machines currently produced. In the elaboration of this work and after the collection of the data on the malfunctions, a selection was made based on three selection parameters in three different machines, which were then classified through the FMEA method. The FMEA analysis allowed to classify the selected malfunctions taking, into account their severity, thus allowing us to find possible causes. It was thus possible to identify opportunities for improvement to counter these failures by making a brief study of possible solutions to be implemented. It was done the sizing of the cylinders of a PA press brake and with the respective application of an air filter in the oil tank, also, a study of resizing the geometry of the spindle of a BB press brake as to the bar of the hold-downs of a guillotine. Subsequently, several maintenances checklists were created, as well a new service sheet for technical assistance. This work also aimed to optimize some work processes, such as the creation of a tool to make interventions to the hold-downs of a guillotine, performing structural tests to its components and thus verifying their resistance when they are subject to stress. It was also instilled the idea that Adira is developing internal processes in the order to implement tools such as Service Mobile and monocular glasses to make remote assistance in a way that the solutions are optimized and more efficient, and also a presentation of some quality control processes for materials purchased by Adira. It can be concluded that most of the case studies that were selected for the analysis, achieved positive results. Regarding the opportunities for improvement to reduce breakdowns, these have all been implemented with more optimistic results, rather than the optimization of processes in which some of them have not yet been applied, despite the fact all the ideas have been approved by the respective departments inserted in the study.
Description
Keywords
Avaria FMEA Guillhotina Óleo-hidráulica Quinadora Malfunction Guillotine Hydraulic oil Press brake