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Com o aumento da consciência ambiental foram impostas legislações à indústria dos lubrificantes, entre as quais se destaca a substituição dos lubrificantes convencionais por biodegradáveis. Os lubrificantes biodegradáveis apresentam bastantes vantagens face aos convencionais, como ser amigo do ambiente, menor toxicidade (indústria alimentar), menor custo na remediação de derramamento, melhor lubrificação, elevado índice de viscosidade (IV) e maior segurança. As desvantagens associadas a este tipo de lubrificante são o custo e a dificuldade na sua reciclagem. A presente dissertação tem como objetivos a caracterização de lubrificantes biodegradáveis e não biodegradáveis (definições, características e normalização), a comparação das suas propriedades físicas e químicas, e a comparação do seu comportamento tribológico. A análise do comportamento tribológico será concretizada com a realização de ensaios bola/disco (medição de espessuras do filme lubrificante e obtenção das respetivas curvas de tração) e ensaios de rolamentos (medição do binário de atrito produzido por cada um dos lubrificantes). O estudo incide sobre quatro lubrificantes hidráulicos (ISO VG 46), sendo dois sintéticos biodegradáveis, um sintético não tóxico e um mineral.
Nowadays, with the increase of environmental awareness, legislation was imposed on the lubricant industry, including the replacement of conventional lubricants with biodegradable ones. Biodegradable lubricants have many advantages over conventional lubricants, such as being environmentally friendly, less toxicity (food industry), less cost in spill remediation, better lubrication, increasing of the viscosity index (IV) and greater safety. The disadvantages associated with this type of lubricant are the cost and the difficulty in recycling it. This dissertation has as main objective to characterize biodegradable and nonbiodegradable lubricants (definitions, characteristics and standardization), compare their physical and chemical properties, and compare their tribological behavior. The analysis of the tribological behavior will be carried out with ball/disc tests (measuring the thickness of the lubricant film and obtaining the respective traction curves) and bearing tests (measuring the friction torque produced by each of the lubricants). The study focuses on four hydraulic lubricants (ISO VG 46), two biodegradable synthetics, a non-toxic synthetic and a mineral.
Nowadays, with the increase of environmental awareness, legislation was imposed on the lubricant industry, including the replacement of conventional lubricants with biodegradable ones. Biodegradable lubricants have many advantages over conventional lubricants, such as being environmentally friendly, less toxicity (food industry), less cost in spill remediation, better lubrication, increasing of the viscosity index (IV) and greater safety. The disadvantages associated with this type of lubricant are the cost and the difficulty in recycling it. This dissertation has as main objective to characterize biodegradable and nonbiodegradable lubricants (definitions, characteristics and standardization), compare their physical and chemical properties, and compare their tribological behavior. The analysis of the tribological behavior will be carried out with ball/disc tests (measuring the thickness of the lubricant film and obtaining the respective traction curves) and bearing tests (measuring the friction torque produced by each of the lubricants). The study focuses on four hydraulic lubricants (ISO VG 46), two biodegradable synthetics, a non-toxic synthetic and a mineral.
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Lubrificantes Lubrificantes Biodegradáveis Toxicidade Normalização Comportamento Tribológico Lubricants Biodegradable Lubricants Toxicity Normalization Tribological Behavior