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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Desde o início do milénio, têm acontecido catástrofes nas áreas urbanas que provocaram prejuízos materiais e perdas humanas irreparáveis. Para evitar a ocorrência de mortos e feridos durante uma emergência, é necessário realizar um planeamento de evacuação eficaz. Consequentemente a comunidade investigadora tem desenvolvido variados estudos para melhorar a eficiência de um processo de evacuação e a utilização de softwares de simulação tem sido cada vez mais recorrente como uma metodologia de apoio à decisão. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a análise de diferentes estratégias de evacuação num edifício escolar (Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo do P.Porto) através de uma investigação do atual estado da arte e da realização do estudo do caso prático com recurso ao software Pathfinder a fim de identificar possíveis pontos de estrangulamento do processo de evacuação, analisar os resultados e sugerir melhorias. Neste estudo, concluiu-se que nas estratégias em que os ocupantes não receberam qualquer tipo de orientação relativamente ao caminho/meio de evacuação a que se devem dirigir, os elevadores raramente foram utilizados e o cenário com o menor tempo de evacuação foi o cenário em que a porta principal, a porta do bar e a porta traseira se encontravam disponíveis. Nas estratégias com orientação, a utilização dos elevadores permitiu reduzir o tempo de evacuação nalguns cenários, não obstante, aumentou noutros. Porém, onde há melhoria de tempo, a diferença não é substancial, enquanto nos cenários em que o tempo de evacuação foi agravado, a diferença foi superior. Numa abordagem em que os ocupantes são orientados para o percurso a realizar, os cenários com o menor tempo de evacuação, demonstram que os ocupantes não precisam de ser direcionados para a porta traseira, como tal, das quatro portas existentes, apenas a porta principal, a secundária e a porta do bar terão necessidade de estar funcionais. Também se aferiu que a orientação dos ocupantes permite diminuir os tempos de evacuação, visto que há uma redução média percentual de 1%, 21%, 23% e 29% dos tempos de movimentação para 1, 2, 3 e 4 saídas disponíveis das 4 existentes, respetivamente. Numa estratégia com 4 saídas disponíveis, a criação de uma porta com 260 cm de largura junto das escadas do corredor conjuntamente com o encaminhamento dos ocupantes, permite uma redução de 9.34% do tempo de movimentação comparativamente aos resultados do melhor cenário com as saídas existentes no edifício.
Since the beginning of the millennium, disasters have occurred in urban areas, causing significant material damages and irreparable human losses. To prevent fatalities and injuries during emergencies, it is necessary to implement effective evacuation planning. Consequently, the research community has conducted various studies to enhance the efficiency of evacuation processes, and the use of simulation software has become increasingly common as a decisionsupport methodology. This dissertation aims to analyze different evacuation strategies in a school building (Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo of P.Porto) by conducting a state-of-the-art investigation and a practical case study using Pathfinder software. The objective is to identify potential bottlenecks in the evacuation process, analyze the results, and propose improvements. In this study, it was concluded that in strategies where occupants did not receive any guidance regarding the path/means of evacuation to be followed, elevators were rarely used, and the scenario with the shortest evacuation time was the one where the main door, the bar door, and the rear door were available. In strategies with guidance, the use of elevators allowed for a reduction in evacuation time in some scenarios but increased it in others. However, where there was an improvement in time, the difference was not substantial, while in scenarios where the evacuation time worsened, the difference was greater. In an approach where occupants are directed to a specific path or exit, scenarios with the shortest evacuation time demonstrate that occupants do not need to be directed towards the rear door. Therefore, out of the four existing doors, only the main door, the secondary door, and the bar door need to be functional. It was also found that occupant guidance reduces evacuation times, with an average percentage reduction of 1%, 21%, 23%, and 29% for 1, 2, 3, and 4 available exits out of the 4 existing ones, respectively. In a strategy with 4 available exits, the creation of a 260 cm wide door next to the staircase in the corridor, along with occupant routing, results in a 9.34% reduction in movement time compared to the results of the best scenario with the existing exits in the building.
Since the beginning of the millennium, disasters have occurred in urban areas, causing significant material damages and irreparable human losses. To prevent fatalities and injuries during emergencies, it is necessary to implement effective evacuation planning. Consequently, the research community has conducted various studies to enhance the efficiency of evacuation processes, and the use of simulation software has become increasingly common as a decisionsupport methodology. This dissertation aims to analyze different evacuation strategies in a school building (Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo of P.Porto) by conducting a state-of-the-art investigation and a practical case study using Pathfinder software. The objective is to identify potential bottlenecks in the evacuation process, analyze the results, and propose improvements. In this study, it was concluded that in strategies where occupants did not receive any guidance regarding the path/means of evacuation to be followed, elevators were rarely used, and the scenario with the shortest evacuation time was the one where the main door, the bar door, and the rear door were available. In strategies with guidance, the use of elevators allowed for a reduction in evacuation time in some scenarios but increased it in others. However, where there was an improvement in time, the difference was not substantial, while in scenarios where the evacuation time worsened, the difference was greater. In an approach where occupants are directed to a specific path or exit, scenarios with the shortest evacuation time demonstrate that occupants do not need to be directed towards the rear door. Therefore, out of the four existing doors, only the main door, the secondary door, and the bar door need to be functional. It was also found that occupant guidance reduces evacuation times, with an average percentage reduction of 1%, 21%, 23%, and 29% for 1, 2, 3, and 4 available exits out of the 4 existing ones, respectively. In a strategy with 4 available exits, the creation of a 260 cm wide door next to the staircase in the corridor, along with occupant routing, results in a 9.34% reduction in movement time compared to the results of the best scenario with the existing exits in the building.
Description
Keywords
Estratégias de Evacuação Edifício Escolar Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo Simulação e Otimização Software Pathfinder Caso de estudo Evacuation Strategies School Building Simulation and Optimization Case Study