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Authors
Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação, descreve o estado da arte das energias renováveis em Portugal Continental e Ilhas, no panorama geral do sistema electroprodutor português, através da análise da evolução da potência instalada e produção de energia elétrica, pelo mix de energias renováveis. São abordados temas como o impacto socioeconómico e ambiental da descarbonização, a inércia do sistema electroprodutor baseado em renováveis, colocando em causa a segurança no abastecimento de energia, assim como qual o futuro energético nacional, através da análise do Roteiro para a Neutralidade Carbónica 2050 (RNC2050) e do Plano Nacional de Energia e Clima 2030 (PNEC2030). Conduziram-se estudos de análise às tecnologias renováveis, com foco nas energias solar fotovoltaica e eólica, sistemas de armazenamento, biomassa e hidrogénio verde, que posteriormente foram utilizadas para realizar simulações nos casos de estudo. Foi também abordada a temática dos sistemas híbridos e isolados, fazendo uma pequena caracterização e explicação do seu funcionamento. Os casos de estudo e suas simulações foram feitos para o sistema electroprodutor da ilha Graciosa, nomeadamente ao sistema híbrido da Graciólica, sendo caraterizado o perfil de consumo da ilha Graciosa e a importância do sistema inteligente de gestão de energia, desenvolvido pela Greensmith. São realizados cinco casos de estudo, com o auxílio dos softwares de simulação PVSyst e Homer Pro. O primeiro caso de estudo explora o caso atual da ilha Graciosa, em que temos o sistema híbrido renovável da Graciólica a alimentar a ilha em cerca de 60%, sendo o restante 40% suportado pela central termoelétrica alimentada por combustíveis fósseis. Os restantes 4 casos de estudo abordam possíveis formas de expansão do sistema híbrido da Graciólica, de forma a alimentar o consumo da ilha apenas com fontes de energia renovável, nomeadamente solar fotovoltaico, eólico e biomassa, com o auxílio de tecnologias como baterias de lítio e hidrogénio verde, de modo a satisfazer a totalidade da carga da ilha e garantir a emissão zero de gases para a atmosfera até 2050.
This master thesis presents the renewable energies state of the art in mainland Portugal and on the islands, from the general overview of the Portuguese electricity system and through the analysis of the evolution of installed power and electricity production on the energy mix. Some topics are discussed, such as the socio-economic and environmental impact of decarbonization, the inertia of the electricity generation system based on renewables, and the security of supply, as well as the national energy future, through the analysis of the Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050 (RNC2050) and the National Energy and Climate Plan 2030 (PNEC2030). We base the study on analyzing renewable technologies, focusing on solar photovoltaic and wind energy, storage systems, biomass, and green hydrogen. These are applied to perform simulations in the case studies. The hybrid and isolated systems themes are addressed, providing a small characterization and explanation of their function. The case studies and their simulations were made for the Graciosa Island electricity generation system, namely the Graciolica hybrid system, characterizing the consumption profile of the Island and the importance of the intelligent energy management system developed by Greensmith. Five case studies were carried out with the help of PVSyst and Homer Pro simulation software. The first case study explores the current case of Graciosa Island, in which Graciólica's renewable hybrid system feeds the Island in about 60%, with the remaining 40% supported by the thermoelectric plant powered by fossil fuels. The remaining 4 case studies address possible ways of expanding Graciolica's hybrid system in order to feed the Island's consumption only with renewable energy sources, namely solar photovoltaic, wind, and biomass, with the help of technologies such as lithium batteries and green hydrogen, to satisfy the entire load of the Island and ensure zero gas emissions to the atmosphere by 2050.
This master thesis presents the renewable energies state of the art in mainland Portugal and on the islands, from the general overview of the Portuguese electricity system and through the analysis of the evolution of installed power and electricity production on the energy mix. Some topics are discussed, such as the socio-economic and environmental impact of decarbonization, the inertia of the electricity generation system based on renewables, and the security of supply, as well as the national energy future, through the analysis of the Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050 (RNC2050) and the National Energy and Climate Plan 2030 (PNEC2030). We base the study on analyzing renewable technologies, focusing on solar photovoltaic and wind energy, storage systems, biomass, and green hydrogen. These are applied to perform simulations in the case studies. The hybrid and isolated systems themes are addressed, providing a small characterization and explanation of their function. The case studies and their simulations were made for the Graciosa Island electricity generation system, namely the Graciolica hybrid system, characterizing the consumption profile of the Island and the importance of the intelligent energy management system developed by Greensmith. Five case studies were carried out with the help of PVSyst and Homer Pro simulation software. The first case study explores the current case of Graciosa Island, in which Graciólica's renewable hybrid system feeds the Island in about 60%, with the remaining 40% supported by the thermoelectric plant powered by fossil fuels. The remaining 4 case studies address possible ways of expanding Graciolica's hybrid system in order to feed the Island's consumption only with renewable energy sources, namely solar photovoltaic, wind, and biomass, with the help of technologies such as lithium batteries and green hydrogen, to satisfy the entire load of the Island and ensure zero gas emissions to the atmosphere by 2050.
Description
Keywords
Armazenamento Biomassa Energias renováveis Eólica Fotovoltaico Hidrogénio Híbrido Homer Pro Ilha Graciosa PVSyst Biomass Graciosa Island Homer Pro Hybrid Hydrogen Photovoltaic Renewable energies Storage Wind