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Simulação de um Pool Simétrico com validação técnica do despacho provisório e apresentação de medidas corretivas baseadas num despacho ótimo
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Abstract(s)
Os mercados de energia elétrica são atualmente uma realidade um pouco por todo o mundo.
Contudo, não é consensual o modelo regulatório a utilizar, o que origina a utilização de
diferentes modelos nos diversos países que deram início ao processo de liberalização e de
reestruturação do sector elétrico. A esses países, dado que a energia elétrica não é um bem
armazenável, pelo menos em grandes quantidades, colocam-se questões importantes
relacionadas com a gestão propriamente dita do seu sistema elétrico. Essas questões
implicam a adoção de regras impostas pelo regulador que permitam ultrapassar essas
questões.
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo feito aos mercados de energia elétrica existentes um
pouco por todo o mundo e que o autor considerou serem os mais importantes. Foi também
feito um estudo de ferramentas de otimização essencialmente baseado em meta-heurísticas
aplicadas a problemas relacionados com a operação dos mercados e com os sistemas
elétricos de energia, como é o exemplo da resolução do problema do Despacho Económico.
Foi desenvolvida uma aplicação que simula o funcionamento de um mercado que atua com
o modelo Pool Simétrico, em que são transmitidas as ofertas de venda e compra de energia
elétrica por parte dos produtores, por um lado, e dos comercializadores, consumidores
elegíveis ou intermediários financeiros, por outro, analisando a viabilidade técnica do
Despacho Provisório. A análise da viabilidade técnica do Despacho Provisório é verificada
através do modelo DC de trânsito de potências. No caso da inviabilidade do Despacho
Provisório, por violação de restrições afetas ao problema, são determinadas medidas
corretivas a esse despacho, com base nas ofertas realizadas e recorrendo a um Despacho
Ótimo. Para a determinação do Despacho Ótimo recorreu-se à meta-heurística Algoritmos
Genéticos.
A aplicação foi desenvolvida no software MATLAB utilizando a ferramenta Graphical
User Interfaces.
A rede de teste utilizada foi a rede de 14 barramentos do Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
A aplicação mostra-se competente no que concerne à simulação de um mercado com tipo de
funcionamento Pool Simétrico onde são efetuadas ofertas simples e onde as transações
ocorrem no mercado diário, porém, não reflete o problema real relacionado a este tipo de
mercados. Trata-se, portanto, de um simulador básico de um mercado de energia cujo
modelo de funcionamento se baseia no tipo Pool Simétrico.
The electricity markets are now a reality all over the world. However, there is consensus to use the regulatory model, which leads to the use of different models in different countries that began the process of liberalization and restructuring of the electric sector. In these countries, given that electricity is not a storable good, at least in large quantities, important questions arise concerning the actual management of your electrical system. These issues involve the adoption of rules imposed by the regulator for overcoming these issues. This paper presents a study of electricity markets exist all over the world and that the author considered being the most important. It has also made a study of optimization tools mainly based on meta-heuristics applied to problems related to the operation of markets and the electric energy systems, as is the example of solving the problem of Economic Dispatch. We developed an application that simulates the operation of a market model that works with Symmetrical Pool, where are transmitted offers of sale and purchase of electricity from producers, on the one hand, and traders, consumers or eligible financial intermediaries, on the other hand, analyzing the technical feasibility of the Provisional Dispatch. The analysis of the technical feasibility of the Provisional Dispatch is verified through the linearized model or DC power flow. In case of inability of Provisional Dispatch for violation of restrictions related to the problem, corrective measures are determined in this dispatch, based on the offers made and using a Optimal Dispatch. To determine the Optimal Dispatch we used the meta-heuristic Genetic Algorithms. The application was developed using the software tool MATLAB Graphical User Interfaces. The test network used was the network of 14 buses of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The application shows that it has jurisdiction with respect to the simulation of a market with Symmetrical Pool type of operation where simple offerings are made, where transactions occur in the daily market. However, does not reflect the actual problem related to such markets. It is therefore a basic simulator of an energy market model whose operation is based on the type Symmetrical Pool.
The electricity markets are now a reality all over the world. However, there is consensus to use the regulatory model, which leads to the use of different models in different countries that began the process of liberalization and restructuring of the electric sector. In these countries, given that electricity is not a storable good, at least in large quantities, important questions arise concerning the actual management of your electrical system. These issues involve the adoption of rules imposed by the regulator for overcoming these issues. This paper presents a study of electricity markets exist all over the world and that the author considered being the most important. It has also made a study of optimization tools mainly based on meta-heuristics applied to problems related to the operation of markets and the electric energy systems, as is the example of solving the problem of Economic Dispatch. We developed an application that simulates the operation of a market model that works with Symmetrical Pool, where are transmitted offers of sale and purchase of electricity from producers, on the one hand, and traders, consumers or eligible financial intermediaries, on the other hand, analyzing the technical feasibility of the Provisional Dispatch. The analysis of the technical feasibility of the Provisional Dispatch is verified through the linearized model or DC power flow. In case of inability of Provisional Dispatch for violation of restrictions related to the problem, corrective measures are determined in this dispatch, based on the offers made and using a Optimal Dispatch. To determine the Optimal Dispatch we used the meta-heuristic Genetic Algorithms. The application was developed using the software tool MATLAB Graphical User Interfaces. The test network used was the network of 14 buses of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The application shows that it has jurisdiction with respect to the simulation of a market with Symmetrical Pool type of operation where simple offerings are made, where transactions occur in the daily market. However, does not reflect the actual problem related to such markets. It is therefore a basic simulator of an energy market model whose operation is based on the type Symmetrical Pool.
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Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto