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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação teve como principal objetivo a determinação do impacto de várias soluções construtivas e de climatização, no consumo energético AVAC de um hotel, através da simulação no software Integrated Environmental Solution Virtual Environment (IES VE). Numa primeira etapa foram especificadas as considerações utilizadas na modelação do edifício em estudo, nomeadamente o respetivo modelo 3D, dados climáticos, elementos construtivos, ganhos internos e, por fim, dimensionamento do sistema AVAC. De seguida, estudou-se o impacto de várias soluções construtivas e de climatização nas necessidades térmicas das baterias, no consumo AVAC e no custo energético total. A solução de climatização do projeto foi um sistema centralizado ar-água, especificamente uma UTAN com recuperador de calor, ventiloconvectores como unidades terminais e extração de ar nas casas de banho. Como fontes térmicas utilizou-se uma caldeira de condensação e um chiller. Dentro das diversas soluções estudadas, aquela com maior impacto no custo energético foi a redução do caudal de ar novo, para o valor mínimo estipulado pelo RECS, conseguindo-se uma diminuição de 46%; a segunda medida com maior impacto foi a alteração do sistema centralizado para um sistema descentralizado de expansão direta, obtendo uma redução de 31%. O efeito mais prejudicial sucedeu-se na redução da qualidade térmica dos envidraçados, que teve como consequência um aumento significativo de 14% no custo energético. O aumento da espessura das paredes, dos ganhos de equipamentos e iluminação e a diminuição do fator solar produziram reduções inferiores a 1% no custo energético. Por fim, concluiu-se que, apesar de evoluírem de forma semelhante, o custo energético não varia proporcionalmente com a variação do consumo AVAC, sendo que em casos específicos a diminuição do consumo AVAC se traduziu num aumento do custo energético.
The main objective of this thesis was to determine the impact of various constructions and HVAC solutions on the HVAC energy consumption of an hotel, through dynamic simulations in the Integrated Environmental Solution Virtual Environment (IES VE) software. The first step consisted in designing the 3D model of the building, entering the climatic data, the internal gains and, finally, sizing the HVAC system. Next, the impact of various constructions and HVAC solutions on the thermal needs of the batteries, HVAC consumption and total energy cost was studied. The acclimatization solution for the project was a centralized air-water system, specifically an AHU with heat recovery, fan coils as terminal units and air extraction in the bathrooms. A condensing boiler and a chiller were used as thermal sources. Among the various solutions considered, the one with the greatest impact on energy costs was the reduction of the new airflow, to the minimum value stipulated by RECS, achieving a 46% reduction; the second measure with the greatest impact was the change from a centralized system to a decentralized system with integrated air conditioning units, achieving a 31% reduction. The most detrimental effect happened in the reduction of the thermal quality of the glazing, which resulted in a significant increase of 14% in energy costs. Increasing wall thickness, equipment and lighting gains, and decreasing the solar heat gain coefficient yielded reductions of less than 1% in energy cost. Finally, it was established that, despite their similar behavior, the energy cost does not vary proportionally with the variation in HVAC consumption, and in specific cases the decrease in HVAC consumption translated into an increase in the energy cost.
The main objective of this thesis was to determine the impact of various constructions and HVAC solutions on the HVAC energy consumption of an hotel, through dynamic simulations in the Integrated Environmental Solution Virtual Environment (IES VE) software. The first step consisted in designing the 3D model of the building, entering the climatic data, the internal gains and, finally, sizing the HVAC system. Next, the impact of various constructions and HVAC solutions on the thermal needs of the batteries, HVAC consumption and total energy cost was studied. The acclimatization solution for the project was a centralized air-water system, specifically an AHU with heat recovery, fan coils as terminal units and air extraction in the bathrooms. A condensing boiler and a chiller were used as thermal sources. Among the various solutions considered, the one with the greatest impact on energy costs was the reduction of the new airflow, to the minimum value stipulated by RECS, achieving a 46% reduction; the second measure with the greatest impact was the change from a centralized system to a decentralized system with integrated air conditioning units, achieving a 31% reduction. The most detrimental effect happened in the reduction of the thermal quality of the glazing, which resulted in a significant increase of 14% in energy costs. Increasing wall thickness, equipment and lighting gains, and decreasing the solar heat gain coefficient yielded reductions of less than 1% in energy cost. Finally, it was established that, despite their similar behavior, the energy cost does not vary proportionally with the variation in HVAC consumption, and in specific cases the decrease in HVAC consumption translated into an increase in the energy cost.
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Keywords
Eficiência energética Simulação energética Sustentabilidade IES VE Energy efficiency Dynamic energy simulation Sustainability