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Abstract(s)
Nos últimos anos, a matriz de transportes recebeu muitas políticas para impulsionar a descarbonização do setor. Os veículos elétricos e a infraestrutura de carregamento cresceram de forma considerável, motivados pelas diretivas da União Europeia e legislações dos países, tornando-os plataformas de políticas nacionais. Considerando a dinâmica do mercado de eletricidade, a eletrificação dos transportes criou um novo desafio para o futuro. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta uma análise multivariada da comercialização de eletricidade e infraestrutura de carregamento para avaliar o estado real da mobilidade elétrica e projetar oportunidades futuras. A análise utiliza tarifas, modelos de comercialização, cobrança de serviços e indicadores econômicos de quatro países. Um modelo de simulação abrangente estima o gasto total com mobilidade elétrica por país e o custo relativo do salário médio gasto com a recarga de veículos elétricos. Mesmo considerando o melhor cenário, os consumidores de Portugal comprometem aproximadamente três por cento do seu salário médio, enquanto a Noruega compromete apenas um por cento. Os resultados revelam que o compromisso de longo prazo com o planejamento energético, geração e expansão da matriz energética implica em menores custos de energia; austeridade econômica, como controle de despesas e ampliação de investimentos, também implicam em menor gasto de energia para o cliente. As tarifas horárias são alternativas importantes para reduzir os custos de energia e gerenciar a demanda, ajudando as operadoras de rede a planejar e gerenciar o sistema de energia.
During the past few years, the transport matrix received many policies to push for the sector decarbonization. The electric vehicles and charging infrastructure increased a lot motivated by European Union directives and countries legislations, becoming national policies framework. Considering the electricity market dynamics, the electrification of transport created a new challenge going forward. In this context, this work presents a multivariate analysis of electricity commercialization and charging infrastructure to evaluate the real state of electricity mobility and design future opportunities. The analysis uses tariffs, commercialization models, charging services and economic indicators of four countries. A comprehensive simulation model estimates the total electric mobility bill per country and the portion of the average salary spent with the car charging. Even considering the best scenario, consumers from Portugal commit almost three percent of its average wage while Norway commit only one percent. The results reveal that long-term commitment with energy planning, generation and energy matrix expansion, implies on lower energy costs; better economic actions also imply on lower energy expenditure for costumer. The hourly tariffs are important alternatives to reduce energy costs and manage demand helping network operators to plan and manage the energy system.
During the past few years, the transport matrix received many policies to push for the sector decarbonization. The electric vehicles and charging infrastructure increased a lot motivated by European Union directives and countries legislations, becoming national policies framework. Considering the electricity market dynamics, the electrification of transport created a new challenge going forward. In this context, this work presents a multivariate analysis of electricity commercialization and charging infrastructure to evaluate the real state of electricity mobility and design future opportunities. The analysis uses tariffs, commercialization models, charging services and economic indicators of four countries. A comprehensive simulation model estimates the total electric mobility bill per country and the portion of the average salary spent with the car charging. Even considering the best scenario, consumers from Portugal commit almost three percent of its average wage while Norway commit only one percent. The results reveal that long-term commitment with energy planning, generation and energy matrix expansion, implies on lower energy costs; better economic actions also imply on lower energy expenditure for costumer. The hourly tariffs are important alternatives to reduce energy costs and manage demand helping network operators to plan and manage the energy system.
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Keywords
Infraestrutura de carregamento Aspectos econômicos Veículo elétrico Tarifa de energia retalhista Análise multivariada Charging infrastructure economic aspects Electric vehicle Retail electricity tariff Multivariate analysis