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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta dissertaĆ§Ć£o propƵe o desenvolvimento de um sistema capaz de adquirir e monitorizar
num computador o sinal do electrocardiograma (ECG) e de detectar o pico R do complexo
QRS do referido sinal.
Numa primeira fase foi efectuado um estudo do sistema cardiovascular, de forma a
compreender a actividade elĆ©ctrica do coraĆ§Ć£o e dos diversos sinais que constituem o ECG.
Foi efectuado um estudo sobre o sinal ECG, tendo sido estudadas as suas caracterĆsticas,
bem como tĆ©cnicas e componentes bĆ”sicos de aquisiĆ§Ć£o e condicionamento do sinal, sendo
tambĆ©m analisados diversos sistemas que efectuam a aquisiĆ§Ć£o de ECG.
Numa segunda fase foram estudadas as Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA),
analisando o estado da arte desta tecnologia, bem como os dispositivos disponĆveis
comercialmente. ApĆ³s esta anĆ”lise foram seleccionados os dispositivos FPAA, bem como
o restante hardware e software necessĆ”rios para a realizaĆ§Ć£o desta Tese.
Foi desenvolvido um sistema de condicionamento de sinal ECG, e de detecĆ§Ć£o de pico R
do complexo QRS, apenas com componentes analĆ³gicos discretos tendo sido analisados os
resultados obtidos antes de se avanƧar para a fase seguinte.
ApĆ³s a realizaĆ§Ć£o do sistema com componentes discretos, foi implementado um sistema
em que grande parte do condicionamento do sinal ECG Ć© efectuado por duas placas de
desenvolvimento FPAA, de forma a diminuir a quantidade de componentes e a obter um
sinal com melhor resoluĆ§Ć£o. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados e comparados com o
sistema desenvolvido.
Para monitorizar o sinal ECG e o pico R num computador, foi desenvolvido um sistema
em que os sinais sĆ£o convertidos pelo conversor A/D de um microcontrolador, e enviados
por comunicaĆ§Ć£o sĆ©rie para um computador, sendo os valores obtidos visualizados numa
aplicaĆ§Ć£o em ambiente MATLAB.
This Thesis proposes the development of a system capable of acquiring and displaying in a computer, the electrocardiogram signal (ECG) and to detect the R peak of the QRS complex. In a first phase, the cardiovascular system was studied in order to understand the electrical activity of the hearth, and the various signals that compose the ECG. The characteristics of the ECG signal were studied, as well the techniques and basic components to acquire and conditioning the signal. Also, several systems that make the acquisition of the ECG were analysed. In a second phase, the state of the art of the FPAA technology was presented, as well the different devices commercialized. After this analysis, the FPAA devices, and other hardware and software necessary to the project were selected. Before advancing to the next phase, the signal conditioning of the ECG signal, and the detection of the R peak of the QRS complex, was implemented through discrete analog components, having been analysed the results before advancing to the next phase. After the analog implementation, the signal conditioning was done by using two FPAA development boards, in order to reduce the amount of components and to obtain a signal with better resolution. The obtained results were analysed and compared with those of the analog system. In order to visualize the ECG signal and the R peak in a computer, the signals are converted by an A/D converter of a microcontroller and the collected data is sent through serial communication to a computer, and displayed in a MATLAB graphical environment application.
This Thesis proposes the development of a system capable of acquiring and displaying in a computer, the electrocardiogram signal (ECG) and to detect the R peak of the QRS complex. In a first phase, the cardiovascular system was studied in order to understand the electrical activity of the hearth, and the various signals that compose the ECG. The characteristics of the ECG signal were studied, as well the techniques and basic components to acquire and conditioning the signal. Also, several systems that make the acquisition of the ECG were analysed. In a second phase, the state of the art of the FPAA technology was presented, as well the different devices commercialized. After this analysis, the FPAA devices, and other hardware and software necessary to the project were selected. Before advancing to the next phase, the signal conditioning of the ECG signal, and the detection of the R peak of the QRS complex, was implemented through discrete analog components, having been analysed the results before advancing to the next phase. After the analog implementation, the signal conditioning was done by using two FPAA development boards, in order to reduce the amount of components and to obtain a signal with better resolution. The obtained results were analysed and compared with those of the analog system. In order to visualize the ECG signal and the R peak in a computer, the signals are converted by an A/D converter of a microcontroller and the collected data is sent through serial communication to a computer, and displayed in a MATLAB graphical environment application.
Description
Keywords
Electrocardiograma Complexo QRS FPAA PIC18F2553 MATLAB Condicionamento de sinal Electrocardiogram QRS complex Signal conditioning
Citation
Publisher
Instituto PolitƩcnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto