| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.99 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O estudo aborda os principais aspetos relacionados à transição para energias renováveis em
países em desenvolvimento, explorando os desafios, oportunidades e estratégias envolvidas
nesse processo. Num cenário global devido à necessidade de reduzir emissões de carbono e
alcançar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), o trabalho destaca a promoção
das energias sustentáveis para responder simultaneamente à crescente procura energética e
às exigências ambientais.
Inicialmente, com base em análises de diferentes contextos, o estudo observou algumas
abordagens convencionais, como o uso de hidroelétricas, que enfrentam limitações
significativas em termos da sustentabilidade económica e ambiental. Nesse sentido, são
identificados modelos inovadores, como sistemas descentralizados e híbridos, que emergem
como soluções viáveis para ampliar o acesso à energia, especialmente em regiões remotas. A
interação entre diferentes modelos, sejam públicos, privados ou em parcerias, também é
analisada como um fator crucial para viabilizar a expansão das renováveis.
Entre os desafios podemos destacar os altos custos iniciais, a intermitência das fontes
renováveis e a necessidade de uma infraestrutura tecnológica avançada.
Metodologicamente, o estudo adota uma abordagem quantitativa e comparativa, recorrendo
à ferramenta de simulação EnergyPLAN para construir e analisar cenários energéticos de dois
países com contextos distintos, a Turquia e a Tanzânia. O modelo foi calibrado com dados
oficiais de capacidade instalada, fatores de capacidade e procura elétrica, permitindo avaliar o
desempenho e a sustentabilidade de diferentes combinações tecnológicas até 2035.
Os resultados simulados indicam que, na Turquia, a participação das fontes renováveis poderá
crescer de 39,6% em 2023 para 54,6% em 2035, acompanhada por uma redução das emissões
de gases de efeito de estufa, de 122,72 Mt CO2 eq para 94,95 Mt CO2 eq, mesmo com o aumento
da procura elétrica. Já na Tanzânia, a simulação previu que a participação das fontes renováveis
poderá atingir 99% em 2035, garantindo a segurança do abastecimento com a utilização
complementar de gás natural.
De um modo geral, conclui-se que os modelos com alta participação de energia renovável
contribuem para o alcance das metas climáticas globais e o desenvolvimento sustentável. No
entanto, atualmente sem um alto investimento em tecnologias de armazenamento de energia,
um modelo 100% renovável é insustentável devido à intermitência que estes recursos
apresentam. Assim, considerando este desafio, os países em desenvolvimento não devem, pelo
menos até 2035, abandonar totalmente as fontes não renováveis, permanecendo essenciais na
garantia da segurança e estabilidade do sistema elétrico. Entre estas fontes, o gás natural
deverá destacar-se devido às suas características.
The study follows the main angles linked to the energy renewable transition in developing countries, exploring the challenges, opportunities and strategies involved in this process. In this global scenario, due to the necessity to reduce the carbon emission and reach the Sustainable Development Goals, the report highlights the promotion of the renewable energy to answer simultaneously to the increasing energy demand and the environmental requirements. First, based on analysis of different context, the study shows some conventional approaches, like the hydroelectric plants, that faced significant limitations in terms of economic and environmental sustainability. In that regard, innovative models are identified, like decentralized and hybrid systems, that emerges as viable solutions to expand the energy access, particularly in distant regions. The interaction between the different models, being public, private or partnerships, is also analysed as a crucial factor to enable the renewable energy expansion. Between the challenges, we can stand out the high initial cost, the renewable sources intermittency and the necessity of an advanced technology infrastructure. Methodologically, the study adopts a quantitative and comparative approach, using the EnergyPLAN simulation tool to construct and analyse energy scenarios for two countries with distinct contexts: Turkey and Tanzania. The model was calibrated with official data on installed capacity, capacity factors, and electricity demand, allowing for the assessment of the performance and sustainability of different technological combinations up to 2035. The simulated results indicate that, in Turkey, the share of renewable sources could increase from 39.6% in 2023 to 54.6% in 2035, accompanied by a reduction in CO₂ emissions from 122.72 Mt to 94.95 Mt, even with rising electricity demand. In Tanzania, the simulation predicted that the share of renewable sources could reach 99% by 2035, ensuring supply security through the complementary use of natural gas. Therefore, considering these challenges, the developing countries can't, at least until 2035, totally abandon the non-renewable sources, whose remain essential is to guarantee the safety and security of the electrical system between these sources, the natural gas should possess the main emphasis due to its characteristics.
The study follows the main angles linked to the energy renewable transition in developing countries, exploring the challenges, opportunities and strategies involved in this process. In this global scenario, due to the necessity to reduce the carbon emission and reach the Sustainable Development Goals, the report highlights the promotion of the renewable energy to answer simultaneously to the increasing energy demand and the environmental requirements. First, based on analysis of different context, the study shows some conventional approaches, like the hydroelectric plants, that faced significant limitations in terms of economic and environmental sustainability. In that regard, innovative models are identified, like decentralized and hybrid systems, that emerges as viable solutions to expand the energy access, particularly in distant regions. The interaction between the different models, being public, private or partnerships, is also analysed as a crucial factor to enable the renewable energy expansion. Between the challenges, we can stand out the high initial cost, the renewable sources intermittency and the necessity of an advanced technology infrastructure. Methodologically, the study adopts a quantitative and comparative approach, using the EnergyPLAN simulation tool to construct and analyse energy scenarios for two countries with distinct contexts: Turkey and Tanzania. The model was calibrated with official data on installed capacity, capacity factors, and electricity demand, allowing for the assessment of the performance and sustainability of different technological combinations up to 2035. The simulated results indicate that, in Turkey, the share of renewable sources could increase from 39.6% in 2023 to 54.6% in 2035, accompanied by a reduction in CO₂ emissions from 122.72 Mt to 94.95 Mt, even with rising electricity demand. In Tanzania, the simulation predicted that the share of renewable sources could reach 99% by 2035, ensuring supply security through the complementary use of natural gas. Therefore, considering these challenges, the developing countries can't, at least until 2035, totally abandon the non-renewable sources, whose remain essential is to guarantee the safety and security of the electrical system between these sources, the natural gas should possess the main emphasis due to its characteristics.
Description
Keywords
Renewable energies sustainability energy transition expansion models developing countries Energias renováveis Sustentabilidade Transição energética Modelos de expansão Países em desenvolvimento
