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Modelação e simulação de uma fábrica de hidrogénio verde
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| 7.1 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A produção de hidrogénio é fundamental para a descarbonização da energia, especialmente
quando obtida de forma sustentável. Este relatório destaca os avanços nas
tecnologias de produção e armazenamento de hidrogénio, sublinhando a importância
de tornar esses processos financeiramente viáveis para atrair investimentos e acelerar
o progresso tecnológico. Foram descritas e avaliadas as principais tecnologias
disponíveis no mercado, permitindo a seleção dos melhores equipamentos com base
nas simulações realizadas.
Foram analisadas diversas tecnologias, de produção e armazenamento, cada uma
com vantagens e desvantagens relacionadas a custos, volumes e velocidades de processo.
Identificaram-se lacunas nessas tecnologias e foram sugeridas soluções para
mitigá-las. A análise quantitativa revelou que os eletrolisadores com maior potência
nominal e baixa potência mínima são mais eficientes, apresentando maior produção
e menores perdas devido ao seu baixo consumo energético.
Com o conhecimento obtido, foi possível compreender o funcionamento de uma
fábrica de hidrogénio verde e estruturar sua implementação de forma eficaz. A
análise dos eletrolisadores e seus resultados permitiram uma avaliação quantitativa
das tecnologias alcalinas e de troca de protões, essencial para entender o conceito
de produção de hidrogénio.
A análise económica comparou os custos dos diferentes tipos de eletrolisadores
e revelou que os eletrolisadores PEM são significativamente mais caros do que os
alcalinos. Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos, os desafios como a redução dos custos dos
eletrolisadores PEM são críticos para a viabilidade económica desta tecnologia face
à alcalina . O futuro da produção de hidrogénio dependerá de avanços na eficiência,
armazenamento e redução de custos para promover uma adoção sustentável desta
tecnologia.
Hydrogen production is key to the decarbonization of energy, especially when obtained in a sustainable way. This report highlights advances in hydrogen production and storage technologies, underlining the importance of making these processes financially viable in order to attract investment and accelerate technological progress. The main technologies available on the market have been described and evaluated, allowing the selection of the best equipment based on the simulations carried out. Various production and storage technologies were analyzed, each with advantages and disadvantages related to costs, volumes and process speeds. Gaps in these technologies were identified and solutions suggested to mitigate them. The quantitative analysis revealed that electrolyzers with higher nominal power and lower minimum power are more efficient, with higher production and lower losses due to their low energy consumption. With the knowledge obtained, it was possible to understand how a green hydrogen plant works and structure its implementation effectively. The analysis of the electrolyzers and their results enabled a quantitative assessment of alkaline and proton exchange technologies, which is essential for understanding the concept of hydrogen production. The economic analysis compared the costs of the different types of electrolyzers and revealed that PEM electrolyzers are significantly more expensive than alkaline ones. Despite technological advances, challenges such as reducing the cost of PEM electrolysers are critical to the economic viability of this technology compared to alkaline. The future of hydrogen production will depend on advances in efficiency, storage and cost reduction to promote sustainable adoption of this technology.
Hydrogen production is key to the decarbonization of energy, especially when obtained in a sustainable way. This report highlights advances in hydrogen production and storage technologies, underlining the importance of making these processes financially viable in order to attract investment and accelerate technological progress. The main technologies available on the market have been described and evaluated, allowing the selection of the best equipment based on the simulations carried out. Various production and storage technologies were analyzed, each with advantages and disadvantages related to costs, volumes and process speeds. Gaps in these technologies were identified and solutions suggested to mitigate them. The quantitative analysis revealed that electrolyzers with higher nominal power and lower minimum power are more efficient, with higher production and lower losses due to their low energy consumption. With the knowledge obtained, it was possible to understand how a green hydrogen plant works and structure its implementation effectively. The analysis of the electrolyzers and their results enabled a quantitative assessment of alkaline and proton exchange technologies, which is essential for understanding the concept of hydrogen production. The economic analysis compared the costs of the different types of electrolyzers and revealed that PEM electrolyzers are significantly more expensive than alkaline ones. Despite technological advances, challenges such as reducing the cost of PEM electrolysers are critical to the economic viability of this technology compared to alkaline. The future of hydrogen production will depend on advances in efficiency, storage and cost reduction to promote sustainable adoption of this technology.
Description
Keywords
Green hydrogen Electrolysis of water Sustainability Technology Re-newable energy Hidrogénio verde, Eletrolise da água Sustentabilidade Tecnologia Energia Renovável