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Abstract(s)
A tomada de decisão na saúde pode-se tornar um processo complexo e moroso. A
complexidade associada ao processo de decisão na saúde advém da diversidade de
opções clinicamente razoáveis, ou seja, nenhuma opção se sobrepõem _a outra, visto
que cada uma possui os seus riscos e benefícios, que são normalmente interpretados
de modo diferente entre os indivíduos. Desta forma, cabe ao paciente e _a sua equipa
médica optarem pela opção que melhor se enquadra na situação clínica do paciente
Para tornar este processo menos complexo, cada vez mais se utiliza as chamadas
"ferramentas de decisão", que se caraterizam por fornecer informação sobre as
diferentes opções clínicas, traduzindo-se numa diminuição da dificuldade da tomada
de decisão. De uma forma geral, as ferramentas de decisão são desenvolvidas com
o intuito de facilitar a tomada de decisão, através do aumento do conhecimento
científico sobre um determinado problema (tomada de decisão informada) e uma
mudança de atitude do paciente face aos seus cuidados de saúde.
Na realização da presente dissertação foi desenvolvido um sistema de informação
na web, que engloba informação relativa ao rastreio do cancro da próstata. Este
sistema também surge acoplado a um conjunto de componentes de decisão, que
têm como objetivo auxiliar os indivíduos no processo de decisão para a realização do
rastreio do cancro da próstata, assim como a prevenção de doenças relacionadas com
a próstata. A implementação desta aplicação web teve como base as necessidades do
indivíduo, ou seja informações clínicas sobre possíveis riscos e benefícios associados
ao rastreio, assim como fornecer uma maior interatividade com o utilizador.
A primeira versão da aplicação já foi testada e avaliada através da participação
de um conjunto de indivíduos que compõem o público-alvo para este tipo de aplicações. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os requisitos definidos para
esta aplicação, permitem o aumento do conhecimento do indivíduo e o auxílio na
tomada de decisão para a realização do rastreio do cancro da próstata.
The decision making in health can become a complex and slow process. The complexity associated with decision process in health comes from the diversity of clinical reasonable options, i.e., no option overlap the other, since each has its benefits and risks, which are normally interpreted differently between individuals. So, it is up to the patient and his medical team opted for the option that best fits in patient's clinical situation. To make this process less complex, increasingly using so called "decision aids", which are characterized by provide information about different clinical options, resulting in a decrease of the difficulty of decision making. In general, the decision aids are developed in order to facilitate the decision making, by increasing scientific knowledge about a specific problem (informed decision making) and a change in attitude of the patient over his health care. In the realization of this thesis, was develop a web information system, that includes information about prostate cancer screening. This system also arises coupled a set of decision components, which aim to help individuals in the decision process for the realization of the prostate cancer screening, and the prevention of diseases related to prostate. The implementation of this web application was based on the needs of the individuals, i.e., clinical information about potential risks and benefits associated with screening, as well as providing greater interactivity with the user. The first version of the application was already tested and evaluated through the participation of a set of individuals that compose the target audience for this type of applications. The results allowed to conclude that the requirements de ned for this application, allow the increased of the individual knowledge and aid decision making for the performance of screening for prostate cancer.
The decision making in health can become a complex and slow process. The complexity associated with decision process in health comes from the diversity of clinical reasonable options, i.e., no option overlap the other, since each has its benefits and risks, which are normally interpreted differently between individuals. So, it is up to the patient and his medical team opted for the option that best fits in patient's clinical situation. To make this process less complex, increasingly using so called "decision aids", which are characterized by provide information about different clinical options, resulting in a decrease of the difficulty of decision making. In general, the decision aids are developed in order to facilitate the decision making, by increasing scientific knowledge about a specific problem (informed decision making) and a change in attitude of the patient over his health care. In the realization of this thesis, was develop a web information system, that includes information about prostate cancer screening. This system also arises coupled a set of decision components, which aim to help individuals in the decision process for the realization of the prostate cancer screening, and the prevention of diseases related to prostate. The implementation of this web application was based on the needs of the individuals, i.e., clinical information about potential risks and benefits associated with screening, as well as providing greater interactivity with the user. The first version of the application was already tested and evaluated through the participation of a set of individuals that compose the target audience for this type of applications. The results allowed to conclude that the requirements de ned for this application, allow the increased of the individual knowledge and aid decision making for the performance of screening for prostate cancer.
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Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto