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No âmbito empresarial, a transformação da forma como são fabricados os produtos que consumimos é notória. Entrando aqui a noção de indústria 4.0, a mesma está a elevar o conceito de digitalização para outro nível, interligando as organizações transversal e verticalmente, com máquinas interagindo entre si e com os seres humanos, tomando decisões, trocando e analisando uma gigantesca quantidade de dados e informação em tempo real. Assim, com a Quarta Revolução Industrial a ser implementada em todo mundo torna-se pertinente fazer um ponto de situação sobre o atual conhecimento da mesma no território nacional. Esse é assim o foco do estudo desta dissertação. Pretende-se analisar o conhecimento e maturidade da indústria 4.0 em Portugal, da perspetiva das empresas industriais. Para tal foram utilizados os níveis de maturidade da Indústria 4.0 de Christian Leyh (2010), definidos em 5 níveis de maturidade traduzidos nas fases digitalização: 1-Inicial, 2-integral, 3-implementada, 4-completa, 5- otimizada. Para efetuar esta análise foi utilizado o instrumento inquérito para a recolha de dados e posterior tratamento estatístico utilizando o software SPSS versão 23. Foram realizadas a Análise de Componentes Principais, Análise Fatorial e comparação de médias. Obtiveram-se 50 respostas válidas de várias empresas nacionais dos mais variados ramos empresariais com maior foco a norte do país. Com os dados obtidos foi possível determinar que em média as empresas portuguesas se encontram no nível 3, de digitalização implementada, apesar de coletivamente estas se avaliarem no nível 2, de integração. Ao nível estratégico, o facto de as empresas possuírem uma equipa dedicada à digitalização aumenta o seu nível de maturidade I4.0. As empresas com nível de maturidade de Experiência do Cliente Médio/Alto possuem um nível de perceção superior baseado na interação com os clientes em vários canais digitais. Ao nível das Operações, o facto de as empresas possuírem software integrados de gestão para monotorização e controlo de processos, aumenta o seu nível de maturidade I4.0 nesse fator. As empresas com um com um nível de maturidade de Produtos e Inovações Médio/Alto possuem um nível de perceção superior baseado na sua capacidade de inovação, suportada por novos modelos e ferramentas digitais. Em relação aos Recursos Humanos, a digitalização dos meios de gestão dos conhecimentos e a fomentação de novas ideias de transformação digital aumenta o seu nível de maturidade I4.0, apesar de a grande maioria das empresas não possuir uma equipa dedicada para o fazer. Comparativamente com estudos prévios da PWC e da Deloitte foi possível verificar que as empresas nacionais ainda não atingiram os níveis de digitalização esperados para 2020. Constatando-se a impreparação da grande maioria das empresas participantes para a adoção de metodologias e ferramentas I4.0.
In the business environment, the transformation in the way the products we consume are manufactured is notorious. Entering the notion of Industry 4.0. The same is taking the concept of digitalization to another level, interconnecting organizations crosswise, with machines interacting with each other and with human beings, making decisions, exchanging, and analyzing a huge amount of data and information in real time. With the Fourth Industrial Revolution to be implemented worldwide, it is pertinent to view the status of its current knowledge in the national territory. This is the focus of the study of this dissertation. It is intended to analyze the knowledge and maturity of industry 4.0 in Portugal, from the perspective of industrial companies. For this purpose, Christian Leyh (2010) Industry 4.0 maturity levels were used, defined in 5 maturity levels translated in the digitalization phases: 1-Initial, 2-integral, 3-implemented, 4-complete, 5- optimized. To carry out this analysis, the survey was used for data collection and subsequent statistical treatment using the SPSS software version 23. Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis and comparison of means were performed. Fifty responses were collected from various national companies from the most varied business sectors with a greater focus to the north of the country. With the obtained data it was possible to determine that, on average, Portuguese companies are at level 3, implemented digitization, although collectively they are assessed at level 2, integration. At the strategic level, the fact that companies have a team dedicated to digitization increases their I4.0 maturity level. Companies with a Medium/High Customer Experience maturity level have a higher level of perception based on interaction with customers on various digital channels. In terms of Operations, the fact that companies have integrated management software for monitoring and controlling processes, increases their I4.0 maturity level in this factor. Companies with a maturity Medium/High level of Products and Innovations have a higher level of perception based on their capacity for innovation, supported by new digital models and tools. In relation to Human Resources, the digitalization of knowledge management means and the promotion of new ideas for digital transformation increases its I4.0 maturity level, despite most companies not having a dedicated team to do so. Compared to previous studies by PWC and Deloitte, it was possible to verify that national companies have not yet reached the levels of digitalization expected for 2020. The great majority of participating companies are not prepared to adopt I4.0 methodologies and tools.
In the business environment, the transformation in the way the products we consume are manufactured is notorious. Entering the notion of Industry 4.0. The same is taking the concept of digitalization to another level, interconnecting organizations crosswise, with machines interacting with each other and with human beings, making decisions, exchanging, and analyzing a huge amount of data and information in real time. With the Fourth Industrial Revolution to be implemented worldwide, it is pertinent to view the status of its current knowledge in the national territory. This is the focus of the study of this dissertation. It is intended to analyze the knowledge and maturity of industry 4.0 in Portugal, from the perspective of industrial companies. For this purpose, Christian Leyh (2010) Industry 4.0 maturity levels were used, defined in 5 maturity levels translated in the digitalization phases: 1-Initial, 2-integral, 3-implemented, 4-complete, 5- optimized. To carry out this analysis, the survey was used for data collection and subsequent statistical treatment using the SPSS software version 23. Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis and comparison of means were performed. Fifty responses were collected from various national companies from the most varied business sectors with a greater focus to the north of the country. With the obtained data it was possible to determine that, on average, Portuguese companies are at level 3, implemented digitization, although collectively they are assessed at level 2, integration. At the strategic level, the fact that companies have a team dedicated to digitization increases their I4.0 maturity level. Companies with a Medium/High Customer Experience maturity level have a higher level of perception based on interaction with customers on various digital channels. In terms of Operations, the fact that companies have integrated management software for monitoring and controlling processes, increases their I4.0 maturity level in this factor. Companies with a maturity Medium/High level of Products and Innovations have a higher level of perception based on their capacity for innovation, supported by new digital models and tools. In relation to Human Resources, the digitalization of knowledge management means and the promotion of new ideas for digital transformation increases its I4.0 maturity level, despite most companies not having a dedicated team to do so. Compared to previous studies by PWC and Deloitte, it was possible to verify that national companies have not yet reached the levels of digitalization expected for 2020. The great majority of participating companies are not prepared to adopt I4.0 methodologies and tools.
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Keywords
Indústria 4.0 Digitalização Indústria Portuguesa Maturidade Industry 4.0 Digitization Portuguese Industry Maturity