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- Inventory of sensory, emotional, and cognitive reserve (SECri): Proposal of a new instrument and preliminary dataPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Vieira, Isabel; Barroso, Beatriz C. R.; Peixoto, Miguel; Pontes, Diogo; Peixoto, Bruno; Dores, Artemisa R.; Barbosa, FernandoA new model of reserve, the Sensory, Emotional, and Cognitive Reserve (SEC) model, has beenrecently proposed, but so far this model has not been operationalized in instruments to evaluatethe different domains of the reserve. This study introduces the SEC reserve inventory (SECri) alongwith preliminary data obtained from a study involving 57 adults, aged 35 and older. The SECriassesses the SEC domains using specific proxies: (a) sensory reserve (SR) through sensory acuity andsensory perception proxies; (b) emotional reserve (ER) through life events, resilience, and emotionalregulation proxies; and (c) cognitive reserve (CR) through education, occupation, socioeconomicstatus, bilingualism, leisure activities, and personality traits proxies. Key features of SECri includeself- and informant-report forms, fine-grained response scales, and the evaluation of reservedevelopment across the lifespan. Findings on the acceptability, convergent validity between SECridomains and validated tests for the same constructs, internal consistency of each domain, andpredictive validity of Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores support further research with thisinventory. Future studies should consider determining SECri’s psychometric properties in clinical andsubclinical conditions to evaluate its prognostic value in cases of neurocognitive decline.
- Methylphenidate and P300 in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Barroso, Beatriz C. R.; Mendonça, Fabiana; Mazer, Prune; Prata, Catarina; Pinto, Joana O.; Mazer, Prune; Pinto, Joana OMethylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulant medicine often used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as it may positively affect behaviour and brain activity. This work aims to systematise the current literature about the effects of MPH on the amplitude of P300 in individuals with ADHD. A systematic review and meta-analysis of empirical studies measuring P300 amplitude and comparing MPH administration to either a pre-MPH condition or healthy controls was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Our results revealed no overall (n = 13) significant differences between individuals diagnosed with ADHD and medicated with MPH and controls. Although, a moderation analysis by region found differences between both groups on frontal sites. When comparing the pre- and post-effects of MPH on the same individuals (n = 17), it appears that P300 amplitude tends to increase post-administration in central and posterior regions. In this second meta-analysis, a moderation by task revealed a larger effect size for go/no-go. In general, MPH was found to increase P300 amplitude in ADHD, somewhat normalising this aspect of their brain activity. The main limitations of the included studies are the insufficiently explained dosages and the skewness for male participants. Future research directions are discussed.