Percorrer por autor "Pires, Ricardo"
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- Analysis of social robots and their surrounding enviromentPublication . Monteiro, João; Castro, Joaquim; Pires, Ricardo; Lima Rua, OrlandoThis research aims to address the theme of Social Robots, analysing their external factors and their impacts on society. We chose this topic because it is an increasingly integrated topic in our society, in which it can be identified as an opportunity for Entrepreneurship. In order to obtain a consistent and updated study, we chose to use a quantitative method, through a questionnaire for people aged between 18 and 60. With this study it would be possible to identify the environment associated with Social Robots and people's opinions as to the topic. We present our non-applied study method, considering the small sample obtained. This made it possible to conclude forms of entrepreneurship and innovation related to the sectors of activity identified in the literature review.
- The face of low back pain: A preliminary method for quantifying pain-related facial expressionsPublication . Parolini, Franciele; Pires, Ricardo; Santos, Sara Dereste dos; Goethel, Márcio F.; Becker, Klaus; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo; Santos, Rubim; Ervilha, Ulysses F.; Rubim Silva Santos, Manuel; Carvalho Santos Parolini, FrancieleFacial expressions of pain are essential for pain assessment, yet subjective pain reports often vary between sexes. Traditional self-report measures are prone to bias, and objective methods are needed for more reliable pain evaluation. To develop and validate a subjectivity-free automated tool to assess acute low back pain using facial expressions recorded during a functional spinal extension task. Thirty healthy adults, aged 18–40 years. Methods: Participants received intramuscular injections of hypertonic (pain) and isotonic (placebo) saline in the lumbar region during separate sessions. Facial expressions were video-recorded during a submaximal lumbar extension task and analyzed using a custom software based on Haar Cascade and Local Binary Pattern Histogram algorithms, which are techniques that do not require neither training data nor subjective labeling, contrary to what happens in deep learning solutions. The tool successfully detected significant differences in facial expressions between pain, placebo, and pain-free conditions (p < 0.001). Test–retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.85). While both sexes showed similar facial expression patterns during pain, males reported higher pain scores on the numeric rating scale (p < 0.01). Pain significantly reduced steadiness of force in both sexes. The automated tool objectively quantified facial expressions associated with acute low back pain and revealed sex-related differences in subjective pain perception. This multimodal approach integrating expression analysis, physical performance, and self-report may enhance the accuracy of pain assessment in physiotherapy settings.
- Visualizing low back pain: analysis of facial expressions for objective measurement through image processingPublication . Parolini, Franciele; Becker, Klaus; Goethel, Márcio; Pires, Ricardo; Dereste, Sara; Ervilha, Ulysses; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo; Santos, Rubim; Rubim Silva Santos, Manuel; Carvalho Santos Parolini, FrancieleDetailed coding of facial activity provides a mechanism for understanding the biological, behavioral, cognitive and social processes of pain that self-report measures do not address[1]. Facial activity appears to be the most consistent expression of pain, mediated by specific neurological circuits[2]. Studies have shown that facial expressions of pain are consistent and universal across different cultures, reflecting automatic responses to nociceptive stimuli[3, 4]. Thus, the proposed objective was to develop software to objectively measure experimentally induced acute low back pain during a submaximal strength test, using facial activity coding to capture biological and behavioral processes that complement traditional self-reporting methods.