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Abstract(s)
A indústria têxtil é uma das indústrias mais poluentes do mundo, por isso há uma procura constante para reduzir ao máximo a carga poluente deste setor. Atualmente, muitas das empresas deste setor já possuem estações de tratamento próprias para tratar os efluentes gerados, mas nunca se consegue tratar completamente o efluente. O trabalho desenvolvido surge da necessidade da empresa Adalberto diminuir um dos seus principais poluentes, as pastas de estampagem com pigmentos, produzidas para a produção dos estampados na secção da estamparia convencional, que contêm um conjunto de compostos químicos nocivos para o ambiente. No âmbito deste trabalho foi também criada uma base de dados para a secção dos corantes reativos, de forma a minimizar as diferenças entre a cor pretendida e a cor obtida na produção, tornando o processo mais eficiente e diminuindo os desperdícios. Com o objetivo de reduzir o desperdício de pasta, foram identificadas as variáveis na produção que mais afetam o consumo de pasta de estampagem numa estamparia, avaliando-se o seu impacto no processo de produção. As variáveis estudadas foram a mesh do cilindro, a velocidade de estampagem, o diâmetro da vareta e a viscosidade da pasta, concluindo que as variáveis que apresentam mais influencia são a mesh do cilindro, a velocidade de estampagem e o diâmetro da vareta. Com base nos resultados de influência das diferentes variáveis foi possível desenvolver uma expressão matemática que permite prever o consumo de pasta de uma produção. Deste modo é possível diminuir o desperdício de pasta, baixando os custos do processo e reduzindo os desperdícios gerados. Foi também criada uma base de dados para os corantes reativos, de forma a que seja possível produzir tintas em que não seja necessário efetuar correções de cor nestas, uma vez que também haverá desperdício com estes corantes.
The textile industry is one of the most polluting industries in the world, so there is a constant demand to reduce the polluting load of this sector as much as possible. Currently, many of the companies in this sector have already their own treatment plants to treat the generated effluents, but the effluent can never be completely treated. The developed work arises from the need of the company Adalberto to reduce one of its main pollutants, the printing pastes with pigments, produced for the production of the prints in the section of conventional stamping, which contain a set of chemical compounds which are harmful to the environment. Within the scope of this work, a database was also created for the section of reactive dyes, in order to minimize the differences between the desired colour and the colour obtained in the production, making the process more efficient in order to reduce the waste. To reduce the waste of pulp, the variables in production that most affect the consumption of printing paste in a printing shop were identified, evaluating its impact on the production process. The variables which were studied were the cylinder mesh, the embossing speed, the diameter of the rod and the viscosity of the paste, thus concluding that the variables which have the most influence are the cylinder mesh, the embossing speed and the diameter of the rod. Based on the results of influence of the different variables, it was possible to develop a mathematical expression that makes it possible to predict the consumption of pulp in a certain production. In this way it is possible to reduce the waste of pulp, lowering the costs of the process and reducing the generated waste. A database has also been created for reactive dyes, so that it is possible to produce paints in which it is not necessary to make colour corrections in them, since there will also be waste with these dyes.
The textile industry is one of the most polluting industries in the world, so there is a constant demand to reduce the polluting load of this sector as much as possible. Currently, many of the companies in this sector have already their own treatment plants to treat the generated effluents, but the effluent can never be completely treated. The developed work arises from the need of the company Adalberto to reduce one of its main pollutants, the printing pastes with pigments, produced for the production of the prints in the section of conventional stamping, which contain a set of chemical compounds which are harmful to the environment. Within the scope of this work, a database was also created for the section of reactive dyes, in order to minimize the differences between the desired colour and the colour obtained in the production, making the process more efficient in order to reduce the waste. To reduce the waste of pulp, the variables in production that most affect the consumption of printing paste in a printing shop were identified, evaluating its impact on the production process. The variables which were studied were the cylinder mesh, the embossing speed, the diameter of the rod and the viscosity of the paste, thus concluding that the variables which have the most influence are the cylinder mesh, the embossing speed and the diameter of the rod. Based on the results of influence of the different variables, it was possible to develop a mathematical expression that makes it possible to predict the consumption of pulp in a certain production. In this way it is possible to reduce the waste of pulp, lowering the costs of the process and reducing the generated waste. A database has also been created for reactive dyes, so that it is possible to produce paints in which it is not necessary to make colour corrections in them, since there will also be waste with these dyes.
Description
Keywords
Sector têxtil Pasta de estampagem Cor Desperdício Textile sector Printing paste Color Waste