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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Atualmente, a preocupaĆ§Ć£o sobre a preservaĆ§Ć£o e manutenĆ§Ć£o do ecossistema Ć© um fator que tem vindo a crescer significativamente, levando, consequentemente, ao acrĆ©scimo da procura de alternativas que cumpram esses requisitos. A indĆŗstria Ć© uma das principais Ć”reas de preocupaĆ§Ć£o no que diz respeito Ć perturbaĆ§Ć£o do meio ambiente, devido aos enormes resĆduos que sĆ£o gerados anualmente. No entanto, nĆ£o sĆ³ pela poluiĆ§Ć£o que causa no ecossistema, a indĆŗstria Ć© um setor que busca continuamente a melhoria do seu processo, procurando novas alternativas de desempenho, a reduĆ§Ć£o dos seus custos, um gerenciamento energĆ©tico mais efetivo, entre muitos outros. Paralelamente, toda a melhoria no seu processo produtivo pode tornar-se um fator de diferenciaĆ§Ć£o e marketing para um consumidor que esteja cada vez mais atento a estas questƵes. O intuito deste estudo foi incorporar materiais de origem natural, como o Couro Wet-White e a Casca de Arroz, atuando assim como cargas, em placas produzidas para solas de borracha do tipo estireno-butadieno (SBR), com o propĆ³sito de facilitar e melhorar o processo de biodegradaĆ§Ć£o das mesmas. Foram produzidas trĆŖs solas de borracha com diferentes misturas, com uma relaĆ§Ć£o de 60% do elastĆ³mero SBR e os restantes 40% de material natural. Os produtos incorporados foram o Couro Wet-White, a Casca de Arroz e a Casca de Arroz MoĆda, que apĆ³s a vulcanizaĆ§Ć£o foram submetidos aos diferentes ensaios fĆsico-mecĆ¢nicos, como a dureza, tensĆ£o de rotura e alongamento, resistĆŖncia ao rasgamento e abrasĆ£o, para que fossem comparados com os valores no final do estudo. O estudo da biodegradaĆ§Ć£o realizou-se em dois locais diferentes: no Centro de ValorizaĆ§Ć£o OrgĆ¢nica da Lipor e no LaboratĆ³rio de Tecnologia do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. As solas de borracha foram soterradas no mesmo produto de compostagem e deixadas durante um longo perĆodo, com um controlo rigoroso de temperatura, humidade e oxigenaĆ§Ć£o. Relativamente aos resultados da perda de massa, apenas a sola contendo Couro Wet-White apresentou resultados expressivos, ao contrĆ”rio das solas com Casca de Arroz e Casca de Arroz MoĆda. Para os ensaios realizados no ISEP, observou-se uma perda de massa de aproximadamente 23% e de 5,5% para o produto com Wet-White e produtos com a Casca de Arroz, respetivamente. Nas anĆ”lise tĆ©rmicas por DSC, nĆ£o se observaram variaƧƵes expressivas, nas temperaturas, no estudo na Lipor face ao ensaios realizados no ISEP, para todos os produtos desenvolvidos. Registou-se uma variaĆ§Ć£o na Tonset de 50 ĀŗC e de 25 ĀŗC, nos ensaios realizados no ISEP, para o produto com Couro Wet-White e Casca de Arroz, respetivamente. Na anĆ”lise por TG do produto Wet-White, verificou-se que o perfil da curva termogravimĆ©trica, apĆ³s o ensaio de biodegradaĆ§Ć£o no ISEP, aproximou-se ao observado para a base SBR. O desempenho mecĆ¢nico dos produtos desenvolvidos sofreu algumas alteraƧƵes apĆ³s estarem soterrados no produto de compostagem. Visualmente, as solas aparentavam uma maior dureza, fragilidade e menor maleabilidade. ApĆ³s a realizaĆ§Ć£o dos ensaios fĆsico-mecĆ¢nicos confirmou-se que os valores das resistĆŖncias diminuĆram em relaĆ§Ć£o aos observados na fase inicial do estudo. A incorporaĆ§Ć£o de materiais de origem natural, na matriz do elastĆ³mero SBR, Ć© viĆ”vel e Ć© favorĆ”vel ao processo de decomposiĆ§Ć£o, sendo, contudo, mais evidente para o produto com Couro Wet-White.
Nowadays, the concern about the preservation and maintenance of the ecosystem is a factor that has been growing significatively, leading, consequently, to the increase of the demand for alternatives that fulfil all those requirements. The industry is one of the main concern areas, when it comes to disturbing the environment, due to the huge amount of waste that is produced annually. However, not only by the pollution that it causes in the ecosystem, the industry is a sector that continuously pursues the improvement of its process, searching for new alternatives of fulfilment, the reduction of its costs, a more effective energetic management, among many others. Yet, all the improvement in its productive process can become a distinction factor and marketing for a consumer that is more and more attentive to these issues. The purpose of this study was to incorporate materials of natural origin, like the Wet-White Leather and the Rice Husk, acting, therefore, as charges, in plates produced for rubber soles, the styrene butadiene (SBR) type, with the purpose of facilitate and improve their biodegradation process. Three rubber soles were produced with different mixtures, with a relation of 60% of the SBR elastomer and the other 40% with the natural material. The incorporated products were the Wet-White Leather, the Rice Husk and the Ground Rice Husk, that after the vulcanization were submitted to the different physical-mechanic trials, like the hardness, rupture tension and lengthening, resistance to tearing and abrasion, so that they could be compared to the values at the end of the study. The biodegradation study took place in two different locations: on Liporās Organic Development Center and on Portoās Engineering Superior Institute in the Technology Laboratory. The rubber soles were buried in the same compost product and left for a long period, with a rigorous control of temperature, humidity and oxygenation. In relation to the mass loss results only the sole that had Wet-White Leather presented significative results, unlike the soles with Rice Husk and the Ground Rice Husk. To the trials performed in ISEP, it was observed a mass loss approximately of 23% and 5,5% to the product with Wet-White and products with the Rice Husk, respectively. In the thermic analysis by DSC, it wasnāt observed expressive temperature variations, in the study on Lipor towards the trials performed in ISEP, to every developed products. It was registered an alteration in the 50 ĀŗC and 25 ĀŗC Tonset, in the trials performed in ISEP, to the Wet-White Leather product and Rice Husk, respectively. In the TG analysis of the Wet-White product, it was verified that the thermogravimetric curve profile, after the biodegradation trial in ISEP, approached to the observed to the SBR base. The mechanic performance of the developed products suffered some alterations after they were buried in the compost product. Visually, the soles already presented a bigger hardness and fragility, and only slightly malleable. After the physical-mechanic trialās realization, it was verified that the values of the resistances decreased compared to the ones in the initial stage of the study. The incorporation of natural origin materials in the SBR elastomersā origin is viable and facilitates the decomposition process, although it is clearer using the WetWhite Leather.
Nowadays, the concern about the preservation and maintenance of the ecosystem is a factor that has been growing significatively, leading, consequently, to the increase of the demand for alternatives that fulfil all those requirements. The industry is one of the main concern areas, when it comes to disturbing the environment, due to the huge amount of waste that is produced annually. However, not only by the pollution that it causes in the ecosystem, the industry is a sector that continuously pursues the improvement of its process, searching for new alternatives of fulfilment, the reduction of its costs, a more effective energetic management, among many others. Yet, all the improvement in its productive process can become a distinction factor and marketing for a consumer that is more and more attentive to these issues. The purpose of this study was to incorporate materials of natural origin, like the Wet-White Leather and the Rice Husk, acting, therefore, as charges, in plates produced for rubber soles, the styrene butadiene (SBR) type, with the purpose of facilitate and improve their biodegradation process. Three rubber soles were produced with different mixtures, with a relation of 60% of the SBR elastomer and the other 40% with the natural material. The incorporated products were the Wet-White Leather, the Rice Husk and the Ground Rice Husk, that after the vulcanization were submitted to the different physical-mechanic trials, like the hardness, rupture tension and lengthening, resistance to tearing and abrasion, so that they could be compared to the values at the end of the study. The biodegradation study took place in two different locations: on Liporās Organic Development Center and on Portoās Engineering Superior Institute in the Technology Laboratory. The rubber soles were buried in the same compost product and left for a long period, with a rigorous control of temperature, humidity and oxygenation. In relation to the mass loss results only the sole that had Wet-White Leather presented significative results, unlike the soles with Rice Husk and the Ground Rice Husk. To the trials performed in ISEP, it was observed a mass loss approximately of 23% and 5,5% to the product with Wet-White and products with the Rice Husk, respectively. In the thermic analysis by DSC, it wasnāt observed expressive temperature variations, in the study on Lipor towards the trials performed in ISEP, to every developed products. It was registered an alteration in the 50 ĀŗC and 25 ĀŗC Tonset, in the trials performed in ISEP, to the Wet-White Leather product and Rice Husk, respectively. In the TG analysis of the Wet-White product, it was verified that the thermogravimetric curve profile, after the biodegradation trial in ISEP, approached to the observed to the SBR base. The mechanic performance of the developed products suffered some alterations after they were buried in the compost product. Visually, the soles already presented a bigger hardness and fragility, and only slightly malleable. After the physical-mechanic trialās realization, it was verified that the values of the resistances decreased compared to the ones in the initial stage of the study. The incorporation of natural origin materials in the SBR elastomersā origin is viable and facilitates the decomposition process, although it is clearer using the WetWhite Leather.
Description
Keywords
BiodegradaĆ§Ć£o SBR Couro Wet-White Casca de Arroz Casca de Arroz MoĆda Biodegradation Wet-White Leather Rice Husk Ground Rice Husk