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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os disjuntores de média tensão são equipamentos de proteção utilizados em celas de média tensão, com o intuito de protegerem os sistemas elétricos onde estão inseridos, em caso de curto circuito do sistema. O estudo dos impactos ambientais de um disjuntor de média tensão surge duma auditoria realizada à unidade de negócio da Aparelhagem de Alta e Média Tensão (AMT, Efacec), relativamente à norma NP EN ISO 14001:2015, referente aos aspetos ambientais, que recomendou que passasse a ser incluído em toda a documentação já existente dos produtos, também um documento que contivesse a informação inerente aos aspetos ambientais, na perspetiva do ciclo de vida do produto, no desenvolvimento de novos produtos e nos projetos de reengenharia/industrialização. Sendo assim, com base nas normas ISO 14040:2006 e ISO 14044:2006, estabeleceu-se uma metodologia para o estudo do ciclo de vida do disjuntor de média tensão, baseado em quatro fases, estipuladas pelas normas supracitadas: objetivo e âmbito; análise do inventário; análise dos impactos e, por fim, interpretação. Com a necessidade de se fazer um estudo de ciclo de vida, optou-se por fazer a comparação entre um disjuntor de média tensão produzido na Índia e um produzido em Portugal, uma vez que a Efacec está presente nestas duas realidades e necessita de averiguar e garantir a sustentabilidade dos seus produtos. Este estudo comparativo serve de guião para se verificarem e corrigirem as lacunas ambientais existentes nos disjuntores de média tensão em questão, garantido uma uniformização da produção dos disjuntores quer na Índia, quer em Portugal. Conclui-se que, ao fazer a comparação entre o disjuntor de média tensão produzido na Índia e o mesmo produzido em Portugal, este último apresenta menor impacto ambiental que o primeiro. As matérias primas como o aço e o cobre contribuem para um aumento do impacto devido à sua forte presença em quantidade e em processos para a sua transformação. A parcela de transporte correspondente à deslocação entre Índia e Portugal acrescenta um impacto superior, devido aos recursos consumidos pela grande distância percorrida.
The medium-voltage circuit breakers are protection equipments, used in the medium-voltage cells, with the aim of protecting the electric systems in which they are inserted, in the short circuit’s scenario. The environmental impacts’study of a medium-voltage circuit breaker arisesfrom an audit made to the Switchgear business unit (AMT, Efacec) concerning the NP EN ISO 14001:2015 standard, referring to the environmental aspects, which recommended to include in all existing documentation related to the products, a document that contained the information inherent to environmental aspects, in the perspective of the product life cycle, in the development of new products and in the re-engineering/industrialization projects. Thus, based on the ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006 standards, it was established a methodology for the study of the life cycle of the medium-voltage circuit breaker, based on four phases, stipulated by the aforementioned standards: goal and scope; inventory analysis; impact analysis and, at last, interpretation. With the need of doing a life cycle assessment, it was chosen to do a comparison between a circuit breaker produced in India and an equal one produced in Portugal, since Efacec is present in these two realities and needs to verify and assure the sustainability of their products. This study is meant to be used as a guide to verify and correct the environmental gaps existing in the medium voltage circuit breakers in question, assuring the circuit breaker production’s uniformization in India and in Portugal. It is concluded that, when comparing the medium voltage circuit breaker produced in India and the same produced in Portugal, the latter has less environmental impact than the first. The raw materials such as steel and copper contribute to the impact’s increasing because of the strong presence in quantity and in transformation processes. The transport parcel corresponding to the shift from India and Portugal adds a higher impact, due to the resources consumed by the long distance traveled.
The medium-voltage circuit breakers are protection equipments, used in the medium-voltage cells, with the aim of protecting the electric systems in which they are inserted, in the short circuit’s scenario. The environmental impacts’study of a medium-voltage circuit breaker arisesfrom an audit made to the Switchgear business unit (AMT, Efacec) concerning the NP EN ISO 14001:2015 standard, referring to the environmental aspects, which recommended to include in all existing documentation related to the products, a document that contained the information inherent to environmental aspects, in the perspective of the product life cycle, in the development of new products and in the re-engineering/industrialization projects. Thus, based on the ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006 standards, it was established a methodology for the study of the life cycle of the medium-voltage circuit breaker, based on four phases, stipulated by the aforementioned standards: goal and scope; inventory analysis; impact analysis and, at last, interpretation. With the need of doing a life cycle assessment, it was chosen to do a comparison between a circuit breaker produced in India and an equal one produced in Portugal, since Efacec is present in these two realities and needs to verify and assure the sustainability of their products. This study is meant to be used as a guide to verify and correct the environmental gaps existing in the medium voltage circuit breakers in question, assuring the circuit breaker production’s uniformization in India and in Portugal. It is concluded that, when comparing the medium voltage circuit breaker produced in India and the same produced in Portugal, the latter has less environmental impact than the first. The raw materials such as steel and copper contribute to the impact’s increasing because of the strong presence in quantity and in transformation processes. The transport parcel corresponding to the shift from India and Portugal adds a higher impact, due to the resources consumed by the long distance traveled.
Description
Keywords
Análise do Ciclo de Vida Impacto Ambiental Portugal Índia Disjuntor Média tensão Sustentabilidade Ambiente Life Cycle Assessment Environmental Impact Circuit breaker Medium voltage Sustainability Environment