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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Neste projeto foi desenvolvido um sistema de monitorização de comunicação de dados para aplicar nos módulos NEXT-road, da empresa Pavnext. Estes módulos são desenhados para serem instalados no pavimento e são capazes de gerar energia com a passagem de veículos. Além da quantificação da energia gerada, o sistema desenvolvido tem como objetivo monitorizar a temperatura e humidade internas, assim como quantificar o número de veículos que por ele passam, e a que velocidades. O sistema é composto por três tipos de controladores, interligados através de dois barramentos, em formato de hierarquia. Os barramentos foram construídos utilizando como base o protocolo CANFD, uma variante mais recente do protocolo CAN, muito utilizado na indústria automóvel. Para o desenvolvimento do projeto, foram estudados vários tipos de microcontroladores e respetivos IDE, assim como diferentes protocolos de comunicação. Utilizaram-se microcontroladores da família G4, da empresa STMicroelectronics, e desenvolveram-se PCB para cada um dos controladores. Em termos de sensores, foram escolhidos um sensor de temperatura e humidade HTS221, um acelerómetro ADXL345 e um sensor de monitorização de energia PAC1934, todos capazes de comunicar por I2C. Devido à falta de componentes eletrónicos no mercado, numa fase mais avançada do projeto, foi necessário substituir o PAC1934 por um sensor de corrente e utilizar o ADC do microcontrolador. Além do hardware, foi desenvolvido todo o firmware para o sistema através do software STM32Cube. Durante o processo de implementação, foram realizados diversos testes: periféricos, protocolos, sensores e diferentes montagens. Numa fase mais avançada, o hardware desenvolvido foi implementado nos protótipos NEXT-road e foram realizados novos testes, simulando a passagem de veículos. Finalmente, o sistema foi montado em uma estrada no concelho de Matosinhos, permitindo realizar testes com veículos.
In this project, a data communication and monitoring system was developed to be applied in the NEXT-road modules, produced by Pavnext. These modules are designed to be installed on the pavement and can generate energy with the passage of vehicles. In addition to quantifying the energy generated, the developed system aims to monitor the internal temperature and humidity, as well as quantify the number of vehicles that pass through it, and at what speeds. The system is composed of three types of controllers, connected through two buses, in a hierarchy format. The buses were built using CANFD protocol, a more recent variant of the CAN protocol, widely used in the automotive industry. For the development of the project, several types of microcontrollers and their IDE were studied, as well as different communication protocols. The chosen microcontrollers belong to the G4 family, produced by STMicroelectronics, were used with custom PCB for each controller. In terms of sensors, an HTS221 temperature and humidity sensor, an ADXL345 accelerometer and a PAC1934 energy monitor sensor were chosen, all capable of communicating via I 2C. Due to the lack of electronic components on the market, at a more advanced stage of the project, it was necessary to replace the PAC1934 with a current sensor and use the microcontroller ADC. In addition to the hardware, all firmware for the system was developed using the STM32Cube software. During the implementation process, several tests were carried out: peripherals, protocols, sensors and different assemblies. At a more advanced stage, the developed hardware was implemented in the NEXT-road prototypes and new tests were carried out, simulating the passage of vehicles. Finally, the system was mounted on a road in Matosinhos, allowing tests to be carried out with vehicles.
In this project, a data communication and monitoring system was developed to be applied in the NEXT-road modules, produced by Pavnext. These modules are designed to be installed on the pavement and can generate energy with the passage of vehicles. In addition to quantifying the energy generated, the developed system aims to monitor the internal temperature and humidity, as well as quantify the number of vehicles that pass through it, and at what speeds. The system is composed of three types of controllers, connected through two buses, in a hierarchy format. The buses were built using CANFD protocol, a more recent variant of the CAN protocol, widely used in the automotive industry. For the development of the project, several types of microcontrollers and their IDE were studied, as well as different communication protocols. The chosen microcontrollers belong to the G4 family, produced by STMicroelectronics, were used with custom PCB for each controller. In terms of sensors, an HTS221 temperature and humidity sensor, an ADXL345 accelerometer and a PAC1934 energy monitor sensor were chosen, all capable of communicating via I 2C. Due to the lack of electronic components on the market, at a more advanced stage of the project, it was necessary to replace the PAC1934 with a current sensor and use the microcontroller ADC. In addition to the hardware, all firmware for the system was developed using the STM32Cube software. During the implementation process, several tests were carried out: peripherals, protocols, sensors and different assemblies. At a more advanced stage, the developed hardware was implemented in the NEXT-road prototypes and new tests were carried out, simulating the passage of vehicles. Finally, the system was mounted on a road in Matosinhos, allowing tests to be carried out with vehicles.
Description
Keywords
Sistema de Monitorização Barramento de dados CANFD I 2C Pavement Energy Harvesting Monitoring System Data Bus