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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A sociedade moderna passou a depender fortemente não só da disponibilidade contínua e confiável de eletricidade, como também de uma alta qualidade de eletricidade. Computadores e telecomunicações, redes, redes ferroviárias, redes bancárias e de correios, indústrias e sistemas de suporte de vida são apenas algumas aplicações que simplesmente não podem funcionar sem uma fonte de energia elétrica altamente confiável. Nenhum sistema de energia pode ser projetado de tal forma que nunca falhe. Então, há que conviver com os imprevistos e falhas do sistema. A proteção de distância em linhas aéreas de transporte de energia elétrica é considerada como a mais complexa de todas as aplicações de proteção na rede elétrica, dadas as longas distâncias a serem consideradas, à diversidade de possibilidades de configuração na rede, e às diversas oportunidades tanto no funcionamento correto como para o funcionamento incorreto. Esta é habitualmente escolhida quando a importância e complexidade da linha assim o justifica. Torna-se, portanto, importante em saber como prevenir e como mitigar as consequências aquando da ocorrência de falhas, pois sem esta coordenação e proteção, todo o funcionamento e integridade da rede fica comprometido, o que requer uma atenção reforçada para os parâmetros, e questões a serem levadas em consideração para o seu dimensionamento e operação. Devido à crescente complexidade dos sistemas deu origem aos vários tipos de proteção hoje existentes, elencados neste documento. Este trabalho inicia por elucidar todo o funcionamento das proteções para com o sistema de energia e as suas aplicações de modo a criar uma base de conhecimento necessário à compreensão do tema e até para temas futuros ou relacionados. Visa também a abordagem concreta da proteção de distância em linhas aéreas e o seu funcionamento, com um levantamento de toda a complexidade e questões necessárias a se ter em conta para esta proteção e a sua simulação. Esta simulação foi realizada recorrendo a um software desenvolvido pela empresa SIEMENS e é de notar que durante todo o desenvolvimento deste trabalho uma das maiores dificuldades encontradas é mesmo a partilha de informações e as componentes práticas que não são divulgadas ou partilhadas por parte das empresas.
Modern society has come to rely heavily not only on the continuous and reliable availability of electricity, but also on a high quality of electricity. Computers, telecommunications, networks, rail networks, banking and postal networks, industries and life support systems are just a few applications that simply cannot function without a highly reliable source of electrical power. No power system can be designed in such a way that it never fails. So, you have to live with the unforeseen and system failures. Distance protection in overhead electric power transmission lines is considered the most complex of all protection applications in the electric network, given the long distances to be considered, the diversity of configuration possibilities in the network, and the diverse opportunities both for correct operation and for incorrect operation. This protection is usually chosen when the importance and complexity of the line justifies it. It is therefore important to know how to prevent and how to mitigate the consequences when failures occur, because without this coordination and protection, the entire functioning and integrity of the network is compromised, which requires an increased attention to the parameters, issues to be taken into account for its dimensioning and operation. Due to the growing complexity of the systems, it gave rise to the various types of protection that exist today, listed in this document. This work begins by elucidating the entire operation of the protections for the energy system and its applications in order to create a base of knowledge necessary for the understanding of the subject and even for future or related subjects. And it aims at a concrete approach to distance protection in overhead lines and its operation, with a survey of all the complexity and issues necessary to take into account for this protection and its simulation. This simulation was performed by a software developed by the SIEMENS company and it should be noted that during the entire development of this work one of the greatest difficulties encountered is the sharing of information and practical components that are not disclosed or shared by the companies.
Modern society has come to rely heavily not only on the continuous and reliable availability of electricity, but also on a high quality of electricity. Computers, telecommunications, networks, rail networks, banking and postal networks, industries and life support systems are just a few applications that simply cannot function without a highly reliable source of electrical power. No power system can be designed in such a way that it never fails. So, you have to live with the unforeseen and system failures. Distance protection in overhead electric power transmission lines is considered the most complex of all protection applications in the electric network, given the long distances to be considered, the diversity of configuration possibilities in the network, and the diverse opportunities both for correct operation and for incorrect operation. This protection is usually chosen when the importance and complexity of the line justifies it. It is therefore important to know how to prevent and how to mitigate the consequences when failures occur, because without this coordination and protection, the entire functioning and integrity of the network is compromised, which requires an increased attention to the parameters, issues to be taken into account for its dimensioning and operation. Due to the growing complexity of the systems, it gave rise to the various types of protection that exist today, listed in this document. This work begins by elucidating the entire operation of the protections for the energy system and its applications in order to create a base of knowledge necessary for the understanding of the subject and even for future or related subjects. And it aims at a concrete approach to distance protection in overhead lines and its operation, with a survey of all the complexity and issues necessary to take into account for this protection and its simulation. This simulation was performed by a software developed by the SIEMENS company and it should be noted that during the entire development of this work one of the greatest difficulties encountered is the sharing of information and practical components that are not disclosed or shared by the companies.
Description
Keywords
Proteções de linha Relés de proteção Linhas aéreas Proteção de distância Relé de distância Line protections Protection relays Overhead lines Distance protection Distance relay