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Abstract(s)
O setor dos transitários tem trabalhado para ser assertivo e eficiente nas respostas ao mercado através do planeamento eficiente dos problemas de alocação de carga com vista á minimização dos custos e melhoria do desempenho. Com a realização deste trabalho foi modelado um problema real de planeamento de distribuição de carga aérea da empresa JIT Group. Este projeto surgiu da necessidade de planear de forma eficaz e com o custo mínimo a distribuição de milhares de 𝑚ଷ de carga aérea tendo em conta as restrições do mercado como a disponibilidade de aviões e tarifas de transporte. Através do algoritmo GRG adaptado ao problema real foi possível dar resposta ao principal objetivo do trabalho que passa pelo desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de fácil utilização que garanta uma resposta em tempo útil ao planeamento da distribuição aérea com vista na redução dos custos associados ao transporte. Com o desenvolvimento da aplicação é possível ganhos reias com efeitos imediatos. Os resultados obtidos com o desenvolvimento deste projeto permitem um aumento da flexibilidade de resposta da empresa JIT Group ao seu principal cliente, a Inditex. O protótipo da aplicação desenvolvida foi testado em três ciclos de planeamento, permitindo poupar 12 555, 00€ no ciclo 1, 22 683, 00€ no ciclo 2 e cerca de 1 587, 00€ no último ciclo de estudo sendo os resultados apresentados de forma detalhada no capítulo 4. Considerado os resultados obtidos no estudo de desempenho do protótipo é possível concluir que vai apresentar um plano que garanta um planeamento ótimo, num curto espaço de tempo e com o menor custo possível tendo sempre em conta as restrições do mercado.
The freight forwarding sector has been working to be assertive and efficient in responding to the market through an efficient planning of load allocation problems. The main goal is to minimize costs and improve performance. During this dissertation's development, a real air cargo distribution planning problem of the JIT Group was addressed. This project emerged from the need to efficiently plan and minimize costs for the distribution of thousands of 𝑚ଷ (cubic meters) of air cargo while considering the market restrictions, such as aircraft availability and transportation fees. Through the GRG algorithm adaptation to the real problem, it was possible to respond to the main goal of this dissertation. The development of an easy-to-use tool ensures a quick response in the air distribution planning, focusing on cost reduction in transportation. With the application development it is possible to obtain real earnings with immediate effect. The results obtained during this project’s development allowed an increase in flexibility of JIT Group's response to its main client, Inditex. The prototype of the developed application was tested in three planning cycles, saving €12,555.00 in cycle 1, €22,683.00 in cycle 2 and around €1,587.00 in the last cycle. The results are presented in detail in chapter 4. Considering the results acquired in the prototype performance study, it is possible to conclude a plan that guarantees an optimal planning, in a short time and with the lowest possible cost, always considering market restrictions.
The freight forwarding sector has been working to be assertive and efficient in responding to the market through an efficient planning of load allocation problems. The main goal is to minimize costs and improve performance. During this dissertation's development, a real air cargo distribution planning problem of the JIT Group was addressed. This project emerged from the need to efficiently plan and minimize costs for the distribution of thousands of 𝑚ଷ (cubic meters) of air cargo while considering the market restrictions, such as aircraft availability and transportation fees. Through the GRG algorithm adaptation to the real problem, it was possible to respond to the main goal of this dissertation. The development of an easy-to-use tool ensures a quick response in the air distribution planning, focusing on cost reduction in transportation. With the application development it is possible to obtain real earnings with immediate effect. The results obtained during this project’s development allowed an increase in flexibility of JIT Group's response to its main client, Inditex. The prototype of the developed application was tested in three planning cycles, saving €12,555.00 in cycle 1, €22,683.00 in cycle 2 and around €1,587.00 in the last cycle. The results are presented in detail in chapter 4. Considering the results acquired in the prototype performance study, it is possible to conclude a plan that guarantees an optimal planning, in a short time and with the lowest possible cost, always considering market restrictions.
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Keywords
Planeamento do Transporte Aéreo Modelação Matemática Algoritmos de otimização Gradiente Reduzido Generalizado Air Transportation Planning Mathematical Modelling Optimization Algorithm Generalized Reduced Gradient