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A importância da política regional comunitária para o desenvolvimento de Portugal e da Irlanda: uma comparação
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Resumo(s)
Num agrupamento de Estados, como é exemplo a União Europeia (UE), existem locais,
regiões e, até, países mais atractivos que outros para a fixação das actividades económicas. Essa
maior ou menor atractividade deve-se, entre outros factores, à qualificação e custo do capital
humano, à disponibilidade de infra-estruturas, à dotação de recursos naturais, aos incentivos à
produção e à proximidade dos mercados. No sentido de reduzir as desigualdades económicas e
sociais e promover o desenvolvimento harmonioso das regiões menos favorecidas da UE, o
princípio fundamental subjacente à Política Regional Comunitária, aos Fundos Estruturais e aos
Quadros Comunitários de Apoio (QCA), é promover a mudança estrutural e fomentar o
desempenho económico das regiões menos desenvolvidas ajudando na resolução dos problemas
estruturais.
Com o intuito de colocar em evidência os principais elementos caracterizadores da
estratégia seguida em cada um dos QCA Portugueses e Irlandeses, procedemos a uma análise
comparativa às duas economias, bem como às características fundamentais e evoluções
ocorridas desde o QCA I até ao actual QCA. Completamos esta análise com o cálculo de um
conjunto de indicadores de especialização, usualmente utilizados pela Economia Industrial e
Economia Regional, de modo a inferirmos sobre a sua especialização/diversificação no que se
refere à distribuição dos Fundos Estruturais Comunitários por tipo de investimento.
A análise realizada indica que, os Fundos Estruturais Comunitários e todo o conjunto de
políticas estruturais comunitárias associadas foram determinantes para a evolução positiva
verificada em ambas as economias, embora o desempenho da economia Irlandesa tenha sido
muito mais assinalável do que o da Portuguesa. Por outro lado, e considerando como espaço de
análise os países da coesão, uma das características fundamentais da estratégia Irlandesa no que
se refere à distribuição dos Fundos Estruturais Comunitários foi a sua "especialização" no
investimento em capital humano. No que se refere a Portugal, da análise dos indicadores de
especialização, o investimento em infra-estruturas não constitui um "polo" de especialização
para a distribuição dos Fundos Estruturais Comunitários.
In any grouping of States, such as the European Union, there are places, areas and countries that are more attractive than others for the fixation of economic activities. The degree of attractiveness is due, among other factors, to the qualification and cost of human capital, to the availability of infrastructures, and natural resources, to the incentives to production and the proximity of markets. The underlying principle of the Community Regional Policy, the Structural Funds and the Community Support Framework (CSF), it is to promote the structural change and to encourage the economic performance in less developed areas. Thus by helping these areas solve their structural problems, both economic and social inequalities within the European Union are reduced and harmonious development is achieved. We carried out a comparative analysis of both the Portuguese and Irish CSF in order to uncover the main characteristics of the strategies adopted in each context. Furthermore, we tried to describe the fundamental characteristics and evolution of the CSF within a time framework that covered their implementation till the present. This study was further completed with an analysis of a group of specific indicators ("the specialization indicators"), usually used in Industrial and Regional economic studies, in order to infer the degree of specialization/diversification of each country as far as the distribution of the Community Structural Funds are concerned, according to the different types of investment. The findings indicate that, the CSF and all the other associated community structural policies seem to be decisive for the positive evolution achieved in both economies, although it is noticeable that the performance of the Irish economy surpassed that of the Portuguese economy. On the other hand, and taking on board the cohesion countries, one of the essential characteristics of the Irish strategy towards the distribution of the Community Structural Funds was its "specialization" in the investment in human capital. As far as Portugal is concerned, the analysis of the specialization indicators, seem to indicate that the investment in infrastructures has not been a specialized element in the distribution of the Community Structural Funds.
In any grouping of States, such as the European Union, there are places, areas and countries that are more attractive than others for the fixation of economic activities. The degree of attractiveness is due, among other factors, to the qualification and cost of human capital, to the availability of infrastructures, and natural resources, to the incentives to production and the proximity of markets. The underlying principle of the Community Regional Policy, the Structural Funds and the Community Support Framework (CSF), it is to promote the structural change and to encourage the economic performance in less developed areas. Thus by helping these areas solve their structural problems, both economic and social inequalities within the European Union are reduced and harmonious development is achieved. We carried out a comparative analysis of both the Portuguese and Irish CSF in order to uncover the main characteristics of the strategies adopted in each context. Furthermore, we tried to describe the fundamental characteristics and evolution of the CSF within a time framework that covered their implementation till the present. This study was further completed with an analysis of a group of specific indicators ("the specialization indicators"), usually used in Industrial and Regional economic studies, in order to infer the degree of specialization/diversification of each country as far as the distribution of the Community Structural Funds are concerned, according to the different types of investment. The findings indicate that, the CSF and all the other associated community structural policies seem to be decisive for the positive evolution achieved in both economies, although it is noticeable that the performance of the Irish economy surpassed that of the Portuguese economy. On the other hand, and taking on board the cohesion countries, one of the essential characteristics of the Irish strategy towards the distribution of the Community Structural Funds was its "specialization" in the investment in human capital. As far as Portugal is concerned, the analysis of the specialization indicators, seem to indicate that the investment in infrastructures has not been a specialized element in the distribution of the Community Structural Funds.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado Universidade do Minho
Palavras-chave
Capital humano Fundos estruturais comunitários Infra-estruturas Irlanda QCA Portugal