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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Na sociedade moderna, com os avanços tecnológicos e a ambição e necessidade das empresas de se tornarem cada vez mais competitivas, todos os setores são afetados. O setor correspondente aos transportes nada se afasta dos demais, havendo, progressivamente, uma maior procura por transportes mais baratos e mais rápidos, aumentando assim a procura de soluções mais eficazes por parte das empresas que tratam dos mesmos.
Por sua vez, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar e explicar os problemas de rotas de veículos (VRP), analisando duas das suas vertentes. A vertente dinâmica (DVRP) estuda a possibilidade do surgimento de clientes dinâmicos, bem como a necessidade da alteração de rotas. A vertente com a aplicação de janelas de tempo (VRPTW), estuda a realização das entregas, por parte dos fornecedores aos clientes, dentro de janelas de tempo anteriormente definidas (normalmente aquando da aquisição do produto ou pedido de entrega). Para a recolha da informação necessária para a melhor compreensão destes temas foram utilizadas várias plataformas online de partilha e publicação de documentos.
Através da análise dos mesmos foram retiradas as ideias e conclusões apresentadas ao longo do documento.
A vertente da aplicação das janelas de tempo é mais bem analisada, uma vez que se analisa um caso de estudo encontrado num artigo e, posteriormente, desenvolve-se uma possível solução para os problemas de rotas de veículos com janelas de tempo.
O caso de estudo explorado teve como intuito perceber a relação existente entre a utilização de janelas de tempo com diferentes intervalos e os custos de encargo, a satisfação dos clientes e o tempo de viagem.
A solução apresentada, à semelhança do caso de estudo analisado, estuda a influência que as janelas de tempo têm nos custos das entregas. Através do mesmo é possível variar o número de veículos com os quais se trabalha, bem como as suas capacidades, o número de clientes servidos, o horário e procura dos mesmos e ainda o tamanho das janelas de tempo nas quais as entregas são realizadas.
Por fim, conclui-se que deve haver um equilíbrio das janelas de tempo, uma vez que as mesmas não devem ser muito pequenas, porque podem traduzir-se em custos mais elevados, nem muito grandes, uma vez que podem diminuir a satisfação dos clientes e aumentar o tempo de processamento. O tamanho e capacidade da frota utilizada deve ser de acordo com a quantidade e procura dos clientes, aos quais a empresa costuma atender
In the modern society, with all the advances in technology and with the ambition and need from the companies to become more and more competitive, all the sectors are affected. The transport’s sector is no different, once there is, more and more, a demand for cheaper and faster transports, increasing, this way, the search for more effective solutions from the companies that deal with deliveries. In turn, the purpose of this paper is to study and explain the vehicle routing problem (VRP), analyzing two of its strands. The dynamic strand (DVRP) studies the possibility to arise new dynamic clients, as well as the need to change the routes initially planned. The strand that studies the application of time windows, analyzes the deliveries that are done within the time windows previously defined (normally when the product is bought, or the delivery is requested). To recall all the information needed to a better understanding of these topics were used multiple online platforms for sharing and publishing documents. Through their analysis, the ideas and conclusions presented along this document were withdrawn. The time windows strand was better analyzed, once it was found and examined a case study and, posteriorly, a possible solution was developed to solve the VRPTW vehicle routing problems with time windows. The case study was explored with the aim of understanding the relationship between the use of time windows with different intervals and the cost of charges, customer satisfaction and travel time. The solution presented, similar to the case study investigated, studies the influence that time windows have on delivery costs. In it, it is possible to vary the number of vehicles with which to work, as well as their capacities, the number of customers served, their schedule and demand and the size of the time windows in which deliveries are made. In conclusion, there should be a balance in the time windows, once they should not be either too small, because they can translate in higher costs, neither too long, once they can decrease customer satisfaction or increase process time. The size and the capacity of the vehicle fleet should be according to the amount of clientes and their demand
In the modern society, with all the advances in technology and with the ambition and need from the companies to become more and more competitive, all the sectors are affected. The transport’s sector is no different, once there is, more and more, a demand for cheaper and faster transports, increasing, this way, the search for more effective solutions from the companies that deal with deliveries. In turn, the purpose of this paper is to study and explain the vehicle routing problem (VRP), analyzing two of its strands. The dynamic strand (DVRP) studies the possibility to arise new dynamic clients, as well as the need to change the routes initially planned. The strand that studies the application of time windows, analyzes the deliveries that are done within the time windows previously defined (normally when the product is bought, or the delivery is requested). To recall all the information needed to a better understanding of these topics were used multiple online platforms for sharing and publishing documents. Through their analysis, the ideas and conclusions presented along this document were withdrawn. The time windows strand was better analyzed, once it was found and examined a case study and, posteriorly, a possible solution was developed to solve the VRPTW vehicle routing problems with time windows. The case study was explored with the aim of understanding the relationship between the use of time windows with different intervals and the cost of charges, customer satisfaction and travel time. The solution presented, similar to the case study investigated, studies the influence that time windows have on delivery costs. In it, it is possible to vary the number of vehicles with which to work, as well as their capacities, the number of customers served, their schedule and demand and the size of the time windows in which deliveries are made. In conclusion, there should be a balance in the time windows, once they should not be either too small, because they can translate in higher costs, neither too long, once they can decrease customer satisfaction or increase process time. The size and the capacity of the vehicle fleet should be according to the amount of clientes and their demand
Description
Keywords
VRP DVRP VRPTW Solução VRPTW Otimização de custos Otimização de rotas VRPTW solution Cost optimization Route optimization