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- Objectivos académicos e variáveis psicológicas em estudantes da ESTSP-IPP: o papel do coping e da regulação emocional na experiência com diferentes modelos pedagógicosPublication . Martins, Helena; Teixeira, Ricardo J.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barreto, João Francisco; Sucena, Ana; Magalhães, AndreiaO domínio académico é uma área fundamental para a aquisição de competências auto-regulatórias adaptativas, susceptíveis de potenciar o bem-estar e o desenvolvimento humano. Este estudo pretende investigar variáveis psicológicas que dificultam/facilitam a percepção de concretização de objetivos académicos, comparando grupos de estudantes do 1º ano no modelo de ensino-aprendizagem baseada em problemas (PBLProblem Based Learning) com estudantes de modelos pedagógicos mais tradicionais da ESTSP-IPP. O PBL é um método instrutivo centrado no aluno, dirigido por um problema mal-estruturado mas realista, em que os estudantes colaboram para o desenvolvimento de soluções viáveis. Este modelo pedagógico promove um processo de ensino-aprendizagem onde os estudantes são activos no processo de aprendizagem, ou seja, propõem questões investigativas, exploram e pesquisam informações relevantes, e sugerem soluções (Lambros, 2004). O professor assume o papel de facilitador/guia, ajudando os estudantes através do processo de aprendizagem com estímulo, orientação e recursos (Savin-Baden, 2003).
- Attachment mismatches and alliance: through the pitfalls of mentalizing countertransferencePublication . Barreto, João F.; Matos, Paula MenaIndividual and combined attachment dimensions within the dyad may affect therapists’ experiences in ways that hinder mentalizing and threaten the alliance. Previous research on a particular therapists’ mentalizing ability named the elaboration of countertransference experience (ECE) suggests that attachment may affect therapists’ mental processes, which in turn are involved in alliance variations between dyads and over time. In this study, these findings are extended by examining therapist, client, and combined attachment dimensions as moderators of the association between ECE and working alliance. Forty-four assessments from the first 10 psychotherapy sessions of 12 independent dyads were examined. The ECE dimension of reflection/conjecture was positively associated with the alliance bond and total score in therapeutic dyads that differed more in attachment. Possible in-session dynamics at stake are discussed.
- Emotional Regulation Through Mindfulness: Links to Health Behavior and the Role of Distressed (Type D) PersonalityPublication . Teixeira, Ricardo João; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barreto, João Francisco; Nyklíček, IvanEmotional (dys) regulation is central to many forms of psychopathology and psychosomatic diseases. Little is known about the factors underlying individual differences in emotion regulation. It is plausible that both genetic (including stable personality factors) and environmental/socio-cultural influences determine one’s emotion regulation. Type D (“distressed”) personality, the combination of negative affectivity and social inhibition, has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Type D individuals have the tendency to experience negative emotions across time and situations but inhibit the expression of emotions and behavior because of fear of rejection or disapproval, which has proved to be unhealthy in the long term. Mindfulness as a form of emotion regulation is, in many ways, distant to the framing of emotion regulation in conventional scientific literature. With the growing evidence that mindfulness training can help people moderate distressing emotions and enhance positive affect, there is a need to clarify the mechanisms through which these effects occur, as well as their impact on health behaviors. Recent research outcomes indicate that mindfulness stress reduction training may not only affect psychological states, but also psychological trait characteristics, which in turn are relevant for one’s health.Considering that health behaviors reflect a person's health beliefs, could mindful living actually be a continuous health promoter? This paper intends to offer an extended literature review on emotional regulation and mindfulness, focusing on the role of ‘distressed’ personality in a more general health promotion and behavioral change framework.
- Assessing coping, emotional regulation, and psychosocial perceptions of academic stress in undergraduatesPublication . Teixeira, Ricardo J.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barreto, João Francisco; Sucena, Ana; Martins, Helena; Magalhães, AndreiaLiterature suggests most college students appear to lack the knowledge and skills to effectively cope with stressful academic experiences (Gall, Evans, & Bellrose, 2000). Ineffective coping strategies may increase students’ health problems, demand for health services, and attrition rates (Morrison & O’Connor, 2005). This study aims to examine the associations, and processes between psychosocial variables deemed important in academic transitions.
- Personality organization, emotion regulation, and symptom distressPublication . Barreto, João Francisco; Matos, Paula MenaEvidence suggests that the severity of personality difficulties, regardless of their type, may be the most important determinant of current and future dysfunction (Hopwood et al., 2011). Otto F. Kernberg’s model of personality organization (PO) describes severity of personality disturbance as a continuum from normal-neurotic functioning, through borderline, to psychotic personality, along which the predominance of primitive defenses and the concomitant identity disturbance augments, with reality testing compromised in the psychotic pole (e.g., Kernberg & Caligor, 2005). The increasing influence of primitive, intense emotions lacking integration often manifest in affect dysregulation and behavioral correlates such as anger expression and impulsive self-destructive behaviors (Clarkin, Yeomans, & Kernberg, 2006). Still, there is little research into the paths through which PO affects symptoms, in which emotion (dys)regulation must play an important role.
- Psicoterapia da depressão no idosoPublication . Barreto, João FranciscoMuitas das dificuldades do idoso são as dificuldades adiadas, e agravadas, do Homem da nossa cultura, que parece ter cortado relações com a morte e não conseguir aceitar a vida como algo que não controla em absoluto. Não surpreende, por isso, que também a intervenção junto do idoso possa replicar estas dificuldades, como num “acting-out contratransferencial colectivo”. Porque, efectivamente, proporcionar ao idoso uma relação terapêutica onde possa triangular os conteúdos altamente ameaçadores do confronto com a morte e transformá-los em conteúdos de relação, exige do terapeuta um convívio razoável com os seus próprios “temas existenciais”.
- Inventory of personality organization: Preliminary validation of the European Portuguese versionPublication . Barreto, João Francisco; Matos, Paula MenaPersonality pathology is often organized in two orthogonal axes representing variations in type and severity (Westen et al., 2006). The psychoanalytic model developed by Otto F. Kernberg and colleagues (e.g., Kernberg & Caligor, 2005) is an example of the second trend, consisting of a dimensional approach describing personality organization (PO) in a continuum ranging from normal-neurotic (NPO), through high and low borderline (BPO), to psychotic (PPO) levels. • In this model, borderline-level PO underlies most of the personality disorders considered in the categorical-typological approach held in DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000). Kernberg’s approach is clinically useful in identifying subthreshold/higher level personality pathology poorly covered by DSM-IV-TR Axis II, and understanding different meanings in common symptoms according to underlying levels of PO (Caligor et al., 2007). • As an effort at operationalization, Kernberg and Clarkin (1995) created the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO), a self-report questionnaire including 3 primary scales (57 items): Identity Diffusion, Primitive Defenses, and Reality Testing. IPO has been used to investigate the relationship of PO to psychopathology and measure structural change as a psychotherapy outcome (cf. Ellison & Levy, 2011). • IPO has been translated into several languages and latent structure has been tested with clinical and nonclinical population (Berghuis et al., 2008; Iragashi et al., 2009; Lenzenweger et al., 2001; Normandin et al., 2002; Smits et al., 2009), yielding 2- or 3-factor solutions for the 3 primary scales. However, a recent study of the original English-language version conducted with a large nonclinical sample suggests that a 4-factor solution provides a better fit, with factors representing Instability of Self and Others, Instability of Goals, Psychosis, and Instability of Behavior (Ellison & Levy, 2011).
- Navigating the countertransference experience: A transtheoretical specifist modelPublication . Barreto, João Francisco; Matos, Paula MenaThe attempt to identify and classify distinct experiences falling under the common designation of countertransference has been labelled the specifist tradition. In this paper, a model describing two dimensions differentiating four components of countertransference experience is proposed. For each experiential component (subjective countertransference, objective countertransference, therapeutic attitude and emerging experience), a brief description based on previous literature from diverse theoretical fields is offered, along with clinical implications and illustrations and an account of empirical literature explicitly or implicitly addressing the specific component. In conclusion, the model is presented as a heuristic guide that can serve different purposes across different therapeutic orientations, with valuable implications for practice, training and supervision.
- Does attachment predict psychotherapists' mentalization with real patients?Publication . Barreto, João Francisco; Saraiva, Luísa; Matos, Paula MenaElaboration of countertransference experience (ECE): implicit and explicit psychological work to which therapists submit experiences with patients (Barreto & Matos, 2016) • Mentalizing process of a particular kind (therapists’ self-oriented mentalizing) through which therapists’ experiences acquire and increase in mental quality (ibd.) • Research addressing psychotherapists’ mentalization is extremely scarce, and very few studies within this field involved real patients as participants • Preliminary findings suggest that therapist mentalization processes benefit therapeutic work (Cologon et al., 2017; Rizq & Target, 2010; Reading, 2013) • Despite established association between the constructs, no studies to our knowledge have yet investigated the impact of attachment on therapist mentalizing processes • Evidence that patients’ attachment dimensions affect therapeutic process (e.g., Diener & Monroe, 2012) • Mixed results concerning the impact of therapist attachment and therapistpatient attachment match on therapy (e.g., Degnan et al., 2016) • Therapist attachment dimensions may impact psychotherapy in interaction with patients variables (Bucci et al., 2015; Schauenburg et al., 2010) • Relational similarity may benefit initial alliance, but dissimilarity may disconfirm transference expectations and facilitate transforming experiences (Bernier & Dozier, 2002; Mallinckrodt et al., 2009)
- Dyadic attachment determinants of session quality in early psychotherapyPublication . Barreto, João Francisco; Matos, Paula MenaIt is sometimes assumed that a counter-complementary stance towards the relational pull exerted by clients plays an important role in the change process (Bernier & Dozier, 2002; Mallinckrodt, 2000). Initial evidence suggests that this can be facilitated by a dissimilar or non-complementary match between relational preferences within the therapeutic dyad and by attachment security in therapists (see Daniel, 2006). In both cases, ‘out of style’/’against type’ responses are more likely to occur, which may help disconfirm clients’ problematic working models of relationships and thus facilitate change (Bowlby, 1988). Presumably, client and therapist attachment dimensions and their combinations will have an effect on session quality (Goodman, 2000). Research in the field is scarce, but tends to support this hypothesis (Bruck et al., 2006; Mohr et al., 2005; Romano et al., 2008). Meanwhile, even less is known concerning the variation of session evaluation over time.
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