Costa, JoanaOliveira, Rui S.Tiago, IgorMa, YingGalhano, CristinaFreitas, HelenaCastro, Paula2019-06-062019-06-062018978-3-319-93233-0http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/13887This handbook covers the most commonly used techniques for measuring plant response to biotic and abiotic stressing factors, including: in vitro and in vivo bioassays; the study of root morphology, photosynthesis (pigment content, net photosynthesis, respiration, fluorescence and thermoluminiscence) and water status; thermal imaging; the measurement of oxidative stress markers; flow cytometry for measuring cell cycle and other physiological parameters; the use of microscope techniques for studying plant microtubules; programmed-cell-death; last-generation techniques (metabolomics, proteomics, SAR/QSAR); hybridization methods; isotope techniques for plant and soil studies; and the measurement of detoxification pathways, volatiles, soil microorganisms, and computational biology.engbook part10.1007/978-3-319-93233-0_27